Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Regulation of bacterial glycogen synthesis

  • Published:
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The formation of the α1,4 glucosidic linkages of bacterial glycogen occurs first by synthesis of ADPglucose from ATP and a glucose 1-P and then transfer of the glucose moiety from the formed sugar nucleotide to a pre-existing glucan primer. Unlike mammalian glycogen synthesis, regulation occurs at the synthesis of the sugar nucleotide. Generally glycolytic intermediates activate ADPglucose synthesis while AMP, ADP and/or Pi inhibit ADPglucose synthesis. A variation of activator specificity is seen when the enzyme is isolated from different bacteria and is thought to be related to the predominant type of carbon assimilation or dissimilation pathways present in the particular organism. Evidence indicating that the allosteric activation effects observed in vitro are physiologically pertinent for the regulation of glycogen synthesis is reviewed.

The recent experiments in identifying the allosteric activator site of the Escherichia coli ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase as well as other chemical modification studies identifying amino acid residues essential for allosteric activation and for catalytic activity are discussed. Evidence is also presented for the covalent modification of the Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase by bromopyruvate at its allosteric activator site.

Regulation of the biosynthesis of glycogen also occurs at the genetic level and the current evidence for the existence of a glycogen operon is presented. In addition the current studies concerning the cloning of the DNA region containing the Escherichia coli structural genes coding for the glycogen biosynthetic enzymes as well as the nucleotide sequence of the E. coli ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase are presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Preiss, J. and Walsh, D. A., 1981. In: Biology of Carbohydrates (Ginsburg, V., ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 199–314, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

  2. Sigal, N., Cattaneo, J. and Segel, I. H., 1964. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 108: 440–451.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Zevenhuizen, L. P. T. M., 1966. J. Microbiol. Serol. 32: 356–372.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Mulder, E. G., Deinema, M. H., Van Ween, W. L. and Zevenhuizen, L. P. T. M., 1962. Rec. Trav. Chim. Pays-Bas. 81: 797–809.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Strange, R. E., Dark, F. A. and Ness, A. G., 1961. J. Gen. Microbiol. 25: 61–76.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Holme, T. and Palmstierna, H., 1956. Acta Chem. Scand. 10: 578–586.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Segel, I. H., Cattaneo, J. and Sigal, N., 1963. Proc. Int. CNRS Symp. Mech. Regulation Cellular Activities of Microorganisms, pp. 337–355.

  8. Madsen, N. B., 1963. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 41: 561–571.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Schwartz, M., 1966. J. Bacteriol. 92: 1083–1089.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Creuzet-Sigal, N., Latil-Damotte, M., Cattaneo, J. and Puig, J., 1972. In: Biochemistry of Glycosidic Linkage (Pras, R. and Pontis, H. G., eds.), pp. 647–680, Academic Press, New York.

  11. Mallette, M. F., 1963. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 102: 521–535.

    Google Scholar 

  12. McGrew, S. B. and Mallette, M. F., 1965. Nature 208: 1096–1097.

    Google Scholar 

  13. McGrew, S. B. and Mallette, M. F., 1962. J. Bacteriol. 83: 844–850.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Marr, A. G., Nilson, E. H. and Clark, D. J., 1963. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 102: 536–548.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Pirt, S. J., 1965. Proc. Roy. Soc. B. 163: 224–231.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Ribbons, D. W. and Dawes, E. A., 1963. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 102: 564–586.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Strange, R. E., 1968. Nature 220: 606–607.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Strasdine, G. A., 1968. Can. J. Microbiol. 14: 1059–1062.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Strasdine, G. A., 1972. Can. J. Microbiol. 18: 211–217.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Mackey, B. M. and Morris, J. G., 1971. J. Gen. Microbiol. 66: 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Shen, L. and Preiss, J., 1965. J. Biol. Chem. 240: 2334–2340.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Preiss, J.,1973. In: The Enzymes (Boyer, P. D., ed.), 3rd ed. Vol. 8, pp. 73–119.

  23. Preiss, J., 1969. Curr. Topics Cell. Reg. 1: 125–161.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Preiss, J., 1978. In: Advances in Enzymol. and Related Areas of Molecular Biology (Meister, A., ed.), Vol. 46, pp. 317–381, Wiley-Interscience, New York.

  25. Fox, J., Kawaguchi, K., Greenberg, E. and Preiss, J., 1976. Biochemistry 15: 849–857.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Greenberg, E. and Preiss, J. 1964. J. Biol. Chem. 239: 4314–4315.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Shen, L., Ghosh, H. P., Greenberg, E. and Preiss, J., 1964. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 89: 370–372.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Cohen, P., 1982. Nature 296: 613–620.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Yellowless, D., Aitken, A., Donella-Deana, A., Hemmings, B. A. and Parker, P. J., 1982. Eur. J. Biochem. 124: 21–35.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Picton, C., Aitken, A., Bilham, T. and Cohen, P., 1982. Eur. J. Biochem. 124: 37–45.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Parker, P. J., Embi, N., Caudwell, B. F. and Cohen, P., 1982. Eur. J. Biochem. 124: 47–55.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Atkinson, D. E., 1970. In: The Enzymes (Boyer, P. D., ed.), 3rd ed. Vol. 1, pp. 461–489, Academic Press, New York.

  33. Shen, L. C. and Atkinson, D. E., 1970. J. Biol. Chem. 245: 3996–4000.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Preiss, J. and Levi, C., 1980. In: Biochemistry of Plants, Carbohydrates: Structure and Function (Preiss, J., ed.), Vol. 3, pp. 371–423, Academic Press, New York.

  35. Preiss, J. and Levi, C., 1979. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series (Gibbs, M. and Latzko, E., eds.), Vol. 6, Photosynthesis II, pp. 282–312, Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Preiss, J., 1982. In: Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series (Loewus, F. A. and Tanner, W., eds.), Vol. 13A, Plant Carbohydrates I, pp. 397–417, Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Santarius, K. A. and Heber, U., 1965. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 102: 39–54.

    Google Scholar 

  38. MacDonald, P. W. and Strobel, G. A., 1970. Plant Physiol. 46: 126–135.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Kanazawa, T., Kanazawa, K., Kirk, M. R. and Bassham, J. A., 1972. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 63: 105–108.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Steup, M., Peavy, D. G. and Gibbs, M., 1976. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 72: 1554–1561.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Heldt, H. W., Chon, C. J., Maronde, D., Herold, A., Stankovic, Z. S., Walker, D. A. and Kraminer, A., 1977. Plant Physiol. 59: 1146–1155.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Chen-Sheu, S. H., Lewis, C. H. and Walker, D. A., 1975. New Phytol. 74: 383–392.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Herold, A., Lewis, D. H. and Walker, D. A., 1976. New Phytol. 76: 397–407.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Portis, Jr., A. R., 1982. Plant Physiol. 70: 393–396.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Kaiser, W. M. and Bassham, J. A., 1979. Plant Physiol. 63: 105–108.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Govons, S., Vinopal, R., Ingraham, J. and Preiss, J., 1969. J. Bacteriol. 97: 970–972.

    Google Scholar 

  47. Govons, S., Gentner, N., Greenberg, E. and Preiss, J., 1973. J. Biol. Chem. 248: 1731–1740.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Preiss, J., Lammel, C. and Greenberg, E., 1976. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 174: 105–119.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Cattaneo, J., Damotte, M., Sigal, N., Sanchez-Medina, G. and Piug, J., 1969. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 34: 694–701.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Steiner, K. E. and Preiss, J., 1977. J. Bacteriol. 129: 246–253.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Dietzler, D. N., Leckie, M. P., Lais, C. J. and Magnani, J. L., 1974. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 162: 602–606.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Dietzler, D. N., Leckie, M. P., Lais, C. J. and Magnani, J. L., 1975. J. Biol. Chem. 250: 2383–2387.

    Google Scholar 

  53. Haugen, T. H. and Preiss, J., 1979. J. Biol. Chem. 254: 127–136.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Hers, H. G. and Van Schaftingen, E., 1982. Biochem. J. 206: 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Pilkis, S. J., El-Maghrabi, M. R., McGrane, M., Pilkis, J., Fox, E. and Claus, T. H., 1982. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 25: 245–266.

    Google Scholar 

  56. Uyeda, K., Furuya, E. and Sherry, A. D., 1981. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 8679–8684.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Sabularse, D. C. and Anderson, R. L., 1981. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 100: 1423–1429.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Sabularse, D. C. and Anderson, R. L., 1981. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 103: 848–855.

    Google Scholar 

  59. Miernyk, J. A. and Dennis, D. T., 1982. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 105: 793–798.

    Google Scholar 

  60. Cseke, C., Weeden, N. F., Buchanan, B. B. and Uyeda, K., 1982. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79: 4322–4326.

    Google Scholar 

  61. Preiss, J., Shen, L., Greenberg, E. and Gentner, N., 1966. Biochemistry 5: 1833–1845.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Gentner, N., Greenberg, E. and Preiss, J., 1969. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 36: 373–380.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Carlson, C. A. and Preiss, J., 1982. Biochemistry 21: 1929–1934.

    Google Scholar 

  64. Carlson, C. A. and Preiss, J., 1981. Biochemistry 20: 7519–7528.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Haugen, T., Ishaque, A. and Preiss, J., 1976. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 69: 346–353.

    Google Scholar 

  66. Parsons, T. F. and Preiss, J., 1978. J. Biol. Chem. 253: 6197–6202.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Parsons, T. F. and Preiss, J., 1978. J. Biol. Chem. 253: 7638–7645.

    Google Scholar 

  68. Kappel, W. R. and Preiss, J., 1981. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 209: 15–28.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Riordan, J. F., Elvany, K. D. and Borders, Jr., C. L., 1977. Science 195: 884–886.

    Google Scholar 

  70. Lobb, R. R., Stokes, A. M., Hill, H. A. O. and Riordan, J. F., 1976. Eur. J. Biochem. 70: 517–522.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Cotton, F. A., Hazen, Jr., G. G., Day, V. W., Larsen, S., Norman, Jr., J. G., Wong, S. T. K. and Johnson, K. H., 1973. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 95: 2367–2369.

    Google Scholar 

  72. Yung, S.-G. and Preiss, J., 1981. J. Bacteriol. 147: 101–109.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Lehmann, M. and Preiss, J., 1980. J. Bacteriol. 143: 120–127.

    Google Scholar 

  74. Yung, S.-G. and Preiss, J., 1982. J. Bacteriol. 151: 742–749.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Preiss, J., Heubner, J. and Greenberg, E., 1982. Current Microbiol. 7: 257–262.

    Google Scholar 

  76. Preiss, J., Greenberg, E., Parsons, T. F. and Downey, J., 1980. Arch. Microbiol. 126: 21–31.

    Google Scholar 

  77. Swank, R. T. and Munkres, K. D., 1971. Anal. Biochem. 39: 462–477.

    Google Scholar 

  78. Meloche, H. P., 1970. Biochemistry 9: 5050–5055.

    Google Scholar 

  79. Barnett, J. G. G., Corina, D. L. and Rasool, G., 1971. Biochem. J. 125: 275–285.

    Google Scholar 

  80. Okamoto, M. and Morino, Y., 1973. J. Biol. Chem. 248: 82–90.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Chang, G.-G. and Hsu, R. Y., 1973. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 55: 580–587.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Barnett, J. E. G. and Kolisis, F., 1974. Biochem. J. 143: 487–490.

    Google Scholar 

  83. Fonda, M. L., 1976. J. Biol. Chem. 251: 229–235.

    Google Scholar 

  84. Yun, S.-L. and Suelter, C. H., 1979. J. Biol. Chem. 254: 1811–1815.

    Google Scholar 

  85. Gothe, P.O. and Nyman, P.O., 1972. FEBS Lett. 21: 159–164.

    Google Scholar 

  86. Ellman, G. L., 1959. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 82: 70–77.

    Google Scholar 

  87. Preiss, J., Govons, S., Eidels, L., Lammel, C., Greenberg, E., Edelman, P. and Sabraw, A., 1970. In: Proceedings of the Miami Winter Symposia (Whelan, W. J., ed.), Vol. 1, pp. 122–139, North-Holland, Amsterdam.

  88. Krebs, E. G. and Preiss, J., 1975. MTP International Rev. Sci. Carbohydrates, Biochem., Series I 5: 337–389.

    Google Scholar 

  89. Preiss, J., 1972. Intra-Sci. Chem. Reports 6: 13–22.

    Google Scholar 

  90. Cattaneo, J., Sigal, N., Favord, A. and Segel, I. H., 1966. Bull. Soc. Chim. Biol. 48: 441–445.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Haugen, T. H., Ishaque, A., Chatterjee, A. K. and Preiss, J., 1974. FEBS Lett. 42: 205–208.

    Google Scholar 

  92. Haugen, T. H., Ishaque, A. and Preiss, J., 1976. J. Biol. Chem. 251: 7880–7885.

    Google Scholar 

  93. Holmes, E., Boyer, C. D. and Preiss, J., 1982. J. Bacteriol. 151: 1444–1453.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Bridgers, W. A. and Paranchych, W., 1978. Can. J. Biochem. 56: 403–406.

    Google Scholar 

  95. Dietzler, D. N., Leckie, M. P., Sternheim, W. L., Taxman, T. L., Unger, J. M. and Porter, S. E., 1977. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 77: 1468–1477.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Dietzler, D. N., Leckie, M. P., Magnani, J. L., Sughrue, M. J., Bergstein, P. E. and Sternheim, W. L., 1979. J. Biol. Chem. 254: 8308–8317.

    Google Scholar 

  97. Preiss, J., Ozbun, J. L., Hawker, J. S., Greenberg, E. and Lammel, C., 1973. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 210: 265–278.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Latil-Damottee, M. and Lares, C., 1977. Mol. Gen. Genet. 150: 325–329.

    Google Scholar 

  99. Okita, T. W., Rodriguez, R. L. and Preiss, J., 1981. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 6944–6952.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Okita, T. W., Rodriguez, R. and Preiss, J., 1982. Methods in Enzymol. 83: 549–553.

    Google Scholar 

  101. Haziza, C., Stragier, P. and Patte, J.-C., 1982. EMBO J. 1: 379–384.

    Google Scholar 

  102. Preiss, J., Mazelis, M. and Greenberg, E., 1982. Current Microbiol. 7: 263–268.

    Google Scholar 

  103. Richaud, F., Richaud, C., Haziza, C. and Patte, J.-C., 1981. C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. Paris, Series III, 293: 507–512.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Haziza, C., Cassan, M. and Patte, J.-C., 1982. Biochimie 64: 227–230.

    Google Scholar 

  105. Maxam, A. M. and Gilbert, W., 1980. Methods in Enzymol. 65: 499–560.

    Google Scholar 

  106. Shine, J. and Dalgarno, L., 1974. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71: 1342–1346.

    Google Scholar 

  107. Yanofsky, C., Platt, T., Crawford, I. P., Nichols, B. P., Christie, G. E., Horowitz, H., Van Cleemput, M. and Wu, A. M., 1981. Nucleic Acids Res. 9: 6647–6668.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Sau-Gee Yung

    Present address: Department of Microbiology, University of California, 90024, Los Angeles, CA, USA

  2. P. A. Baecker

    Present address: Syntex, 94304, Palo Alto, CA, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, 95616, Davis, CA, USA

    Jack Preiss, Sau-Gee Yung & P. A. Baecker

Authors
  1. Jack Preiss
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sau-Gee Yung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. P. A. Baecker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Preiss, J., Yung, SG. & Baecker, P.A. Regulation of bacterial glycogen synthesis. Mol Cell Biochem 57, 61–80 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00223525

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00223525

Keywords

Search

Navigation