Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Physical mapping of the retinoid X receptorB gene in mouse and human

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Immunogenetics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are zinc finger-containing nuclear transcription factors. They belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily that contains retinoid receptors, vitamin D receptors, thyroid hormone receptors, and steroid hormone receptors as well as the so-called orphan receptors. We previously mapped all three RXR genes on mouse chromosomes, using a panel of Mus spretus-Mus musculus interspecific backcross mice: Namely, the RXRA- gene (Rxra) on Chr 2 near the centromere, the RXRB gene (Rxrb) on Chr 17 in the H2 region, and the RXRG gene (Rxrg) on distal Chr 1. Using cosmid clones that cover the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, we determined the precise physical map positions of the gene encoding mouse and human RXRB, respectively. The mouse gene (Rxrb) maps between H2-Ke4 and H2-Ke5: namely, immediately telomeric to H2-Ke4 which encodes a histidine-rich transmembrane protein, and 12 kilobases centromeric to H2-Ke5 which is expressed in lymphoid tissues. Rxrb and H2-Ke4 are transcribed into opposite directions from a CpG-rich promoter of about 250 base pairs. This gene organization is well conserved also in the human genome at the HLA-DP subregion of CHr 6p, underscoring the strong conservation of the gene organization in the MHC region between the two mammals.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abe, K., Wei, J.-G., Wei, F.-S., Hsu, Y.-C., Uehara, H., Artzt, K., and Bennett, D. Searching for coding sequences in the mammalian genome: the H-2K region of the mouse MHC is replete with genes expressed in embryos. EMBO J 7: 3441–3449, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Allenby, G., Bocquel, M.-T., Saunders, M., Kazmer, S., Speck, J., Rosenberger, M., Lovey, A., Kastner, P., Grippo, J. F., Chambon, P., and Levin, A. A. Retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors: interactions with endogenous retinoic acids. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 30–34, 1993

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Almasan, A., Mangelsdorf, D. J., Ong, E. S., Wahl, G. M., and Evans, R. M. Chromosomal localization of the human retinoid X receptors. Genomics 20: 397–403, 1994

    Google Scholar 

  • Artzt, K., Abe, K., Uehara, H., and Bennett, D. Intra-H-2 recombination in t haplotypes shows a hot spot and close linkage of l tw5 to H-2K. Immunogenetics 28: 30–37, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Ausubel, F. M., Brent, R., Kingston, R. E., Moore, D. D., and Smith, J. A. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Wiley Interscience, Brooklyn, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Aziz, N., Maxwell, M. M., St.-Jacques, B., and Brenner, B. M. Downregulation of Ke6, a novel gene encoded within the major histocompatibility complex, in murine polycystic kidney disease. Mol Cell Biol 13: 1847–1853, 1993 a

    Google Scholar 

  • Aziz, N., Maxwell, M. M., St.-Jacques, B., and Brenner, B. M. Downregulation of Ke 6, a novel gene encoded within the major histocompatibility complex, in murine polycystic kidney disease. Mol Cell Biol 13: 6614 [Erratum], 1993 b

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird, A. P. CpG-rich-islands and the function of DNA methylation. Nature 321: 209–213, 1986

    Google Scholar 

  • Blumberg, B., Mangelsdorf, D. J., Dyck, J. A., Bittner, D. A., Evans, R. M., and De Robertis, E. M. Multiple retinoid-responsive receptors in a single cell: families of retinoid “X” receptors and retinoic acid receptors in the Xenopus egg. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 2321–2325, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Brockes, J. Reading the retinoid signals. Nature 345: 766–768, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Bugge, T. H., Pohl, J., Lonnoy, O., and Stunnenberg, H. G. RXRα, a promiscous partner of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors. EMBO J 11: 1409–1418, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • De Luca, M.. Retinoids and their receptors in differtiation, embryogenesis, and neoplasia. FASEB J 5: 2924–2933 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebersole, T., Lai, F., and Artzt, K. New molecular markers for the distal end of the t-complex and their relationships to mutations affecting mouse development. Gennetics 131: 175–182, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzgibbon, J., Gillett, G. T., Woodward, K. J., Boyle, J. M., Wolfe, J., and Povey, S. Mapping of RXRB to human chromosome 6p21.3. Ann Hum Genet 57: 203–209, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleischhauer, K., McBride, O. W., DiSanto, J. P., Ozato, K., and Yang, S. Y. Cloning and chromosome mapping of human retinoid X receptor β: selective amino acid sequence conservation of a nuclear hormone receptor in mammals. Hum Genet 90: 505–510, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  • Grosveld, F. G., Lund, T., Murray, E. J., Mellor, A. L., Dahl, H. H. M., and Flavell, R. A. The construction of cosmid libraries which can be used to transform eukaryotic cells. Nucleic Acids Res 10: 6715–6732, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallenbeck, P. L., Marks, M. S., Lippoldt, R. E., Ozato, K., and Nikodem, V. M. Heterodimerization of thyroid hormone (TH) receptor with H-2RIIBP (RXRβ) enhances DNA binding and TH-dependent transcriptional activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 5572–5576, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamada, K., Gleason, S. L., Levi, B.-Z., Hirschfeld, S., Appella, E., and Ozato, K. H-2RIIBP, a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that binds to both the regulatory element of major histocompatibility class I genes and the estrogen response element. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 8289–8293, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamazato, F., Fujimura, Y., Tamai, Y., Takemoto, Y., Matsushiro, A., and Nozaki, M. Sequence specific binding of Ets-1 to the mouse cytokeratin EndoA gene enhancer. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 192: 430–438, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, I. M. and Trowsdale, J. Colinearity of novel genes in the class Ii regions of the MHC in mouse and human. Immunogenetics 34: 5–11, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Heyman, R. A., Mangelsdorf, D. J., Dyck, J. A., Stein, R. B., Eichele, G., Evans, R. M., and Thaller, C. 9-Cis retinoic acid is a high affinity ligand for the retinoid X receptor. Cell 68: 397–406, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Himmelbauer, H., Artzt, K., Barlow, D., Fischer-Lindahl, K., Lyon, M., Klein, J., and Silver, L. M. Mouse chromosome 17. Mammalian Genome 4: S230-S252, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoopes, C. W., Taketo, M., Ozato, K., Liu, Q., Howard, T. A., Linney, E., and Seldin, M. F. Mapping of the mouse Rxr loci encoding nuclear retinoid X receptors RXRα, RXRβ, and RXRγ. Genomics 14: 611–617, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Ishikawa, T., Umesono, K., Mangelsdorf, D. J., Aburatani, H., Stanger, B. Z., Shibasaki, Y., Imawari, M., Evans, R. M., and Takaku, F. A functional retinoic acid receptor encoded by the gene on human chromosome 12. Mol Endocrinol 4: 837–844, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Janatipour, M., Naumov, Y., Sugimura, K., Okamoto, N., Tsuji, K., Abe, K., and Inoko, H. Search for MHC-associated genes in human: five new genes centromeric to HLA-DP with yet unknown functions. Immunogenetics 35: 272–278, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Kliewer, S. A., Umesono, K., Heyman, R. A., Mangelsdorf, D. J., Dyck, J. A., and Evans, R. M. Retinoid X receptor-COUP-TF interactions modulate retinoic acid signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 1448–1452, 1992 a

    Google Scholar 

  • Kliewer, S. A., Umesono, K., Mangelsdorf, D. J., and Evans, R. M. Retinoid X receptor interacts with nuclear receptors in retinoic acid, thyroid hormone and vitamin D3 signalling. Nature 355 446–449, 1992 b

    Google Scholar 

  • Kliewer, S. A., Umesono, K., Noonan, D. J., Heyman, R. A., and Evans, R. M. Convergence of 9-cis retinoic acid and peroxisome proliferator signalling pathways through heterodimer formation of their receptors. Nature 358: 771–774, 1992 c

    Google Scholar 

  • Leid, M., Kastner, P., and Chambon, P. Multiplicity generates diversity in the retinoic acid signalling pathways. Trends Biochem Sci 17: 427–433, 1992 a

    Google Scholar 

  • Leid, M., Kastner, P., Lyons, R., Nakshatri, H., Saunders, M., Zacharewski, T., Chen, J.-Y., Staub, A., Garnier, J.-M., Mader, S., and Chambon, P. Purification, cloning and RXR identity of the HeLa cell factor with which RAR or TR heterodimerizes to bind target sequences efficiently. Cell 68: 377–395, 1992 b

    Google Scholar 

  • Levin, A. A., Sturzenbecker, L. J., Kazmer, S., Bosakowski, T., Huselton, C., Allenby, G., Speck, J., Kratzeisen, Cl., Rosenberber, M., Lovey, A., and Grippo, J. F. 9-Cis retinoic acid stereo-isomer binds and activates the nuclear receptor RXRα. Nature 355: 359–361, 1992

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Q. and Linney, E. The mouse retinoid-X receptor-γ gene: genomic organization and evidence for functional isoforms. Mol Endocrinol 7: 651–658, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnuson, T., Epstein, C. J., Silver, L. M., and Martin, G. R. Pluripotent embryonic stem cell lines can be derived from t w5/t w5 blastocysts. Nature 298: 750–753, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  • Mangelsdorf, D. J., Ong, E. S., Dyck, J. A., and Evans, R. M. Nuclear receptor that identifies a novel retinoic acid response pathway. Nature 345: 224–229, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Mangelsdorf, D. J., Borgmeyer, U., Heyman, R. A., Zhou, J. Y., Ong, E. S., Oro, A. E., Kakizuka, A., and Evans, R. M. Characterization of three RXR genes that mediate the action of 9-cis retinoic acid. Genes Devel 6: 329–344, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Marks, M. S., Hallenbeck, P. L., Nagata, T., Segars, J. H., Appella, E., Nikodem, V. M., and Ozato, K. H-2RIIBP (RXRβ) heterodimerization provides a mechanism for combinatorial diversity in the regulation of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone responsive genes. EMBO J 11: 1419–1435, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattèi, M.-G., de Thé, H., Mattèi, J.-F., Marchio, A., Tiollais, P., and Dejean, A. Assignment of the human hap retinoic acid receptor RARβ gene to the p24 band of chromosome 3. Hum Genet 80: 189–190, 1988 a

    Google Scholar 

  • Mattèi, M.-G., Petkovich, M., Mattèi, J.-F., Brand, N., and Chambon, P. Mapping of the human retinoic acid receptor to the q21 band of chromosome 17. Hum Genet 80: 186–188, 1988 b

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadeau, J. H., Davisson, M. T., Doolitle, D. P., Grant, P., Hillyard, A. L., Kosowsky, M., and Roderick, T. H. Comparative map for mice and humans. Mammalian Genome 1: S461-S515, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadeau, J. H., Compton, J. G., Giguère, V., Rossant, J., and Varmuza, S. Close linkage of retinoic acid receptor genes with homeobox-and keratin-encoding genes on paralogous segments of mouse chromosome 11 and 15. Mammalian Genome 3: 202–208,1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagata, T., Segars, J. H., Levi, B.-Z., and Ozato, K. Retinoic acid-dependent transactivation of major histocompatibility complex class I promoters by the nuclear hormone receptor H-2RIIBP in undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 937–941, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Nagata, T., Kanno, Y., Ozato, K., and Taketo, M. The mouse Rxrb gene encoding RXRβ: genomic organization and two mRNA isoforms generated by alternative splicing of transcripts initiated from CpG island promoters. Gene 142: 183–189, 1994

    Google Scholar 

  • Nordeen, S. K. Luciferase reporter gene vectors for analysis of promoters and enhancers. Biotechniques 6: 454–457,1988

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe, A., Eager, N. S. C., Brickell, P. M. A member of the RXR nuclear receptor family is expressed in neutral-crest-derived cells of the developing chick peripheral nervous system. Development 111: 771–778, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., and Maniatis, T. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • St.-Jacques, B., Han, T. H., MacMurray, A., and Shin, H.-S. A putative transmembrane protein with histidine-rich charge clusters encoded in the H-2K/t w5 region of mice. Mol Cell Biol 10: 138–145, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  • Taketo, M., Howard, T. A., and Seldin, M. F. Mapping of recombinant retrovirus integration sites that cause expression of the viral genome in murine embryonal carcinoma cells. Mammalian Genome 2: 240–245, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Taketo, M., Hoopes, C. W., Howard, T. A., Linney, E., and Seldin, M. F. Mapping of the mouse Rar loci encoding retinoic acid receptors RARα, RARβ and RARγ. Jpn J Genet 68: 175–184, 1993

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahl, G. M., Lewis, K. A., Ruiz, J. C., Rothenberg, B., Zhao, J., and Evans, G. A. Cosmid vectors for rapid genomic walking, restriction mapping, and gene transfer. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 2160–2164, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, E. H., Mellor, A., Golden, L., Fahrner, K., Simpson, E., Hurst, J., and Flavell, R. A. The structure of a mutant H-2 gene suggests that the generation of polymorphism in H-2 genes may occur by gene conversion-like events. Nature 301: 671–674, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, E. H., Golden, L., Fahrner, K., Mellor, A. L., Devlin, J. J., Bullman, H., Tiddens, H., Bud, H., and Flavell, R. A. Organization and evolution of the class I gene family in the major histocompatibility complex of the C57BL/10 mouse. Nature 310: 650–655, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeom, Y. I., Abe, K., Bennet, D., and Artzt, K. Testis-/embryo-expressed genes are clustered in the mouse H-2K region. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89: 773–777, 1992

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu, V. C., Delsert, C., Andersen, B., Holloway, J. M., Devary, O. V., Näär, A. M., Kim, S. Y., Boutin, J.-M., Glass, C. K., and Rosenfeld, M. G.: RXRβ: a coregulator that enhances binding of retinoic acid, thyroid hormone, and vitamin D receptors to their cognate response elements. Cell 67: 1251–1266, 1991

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, X.-K., Hoffmann, B., Tran, P. B.-V., Graupner, G., and Pfahl, M. Retinoid X receptor is an auxiliary protein for thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptors. Nature 355: 441–446, 1992

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute (Merck), 3 Okubo, 300-33, Tsukuba, Japan

    Toshi Nagata, Kyoko Kitagawa & Makoto Taketo

  2. Institute for Anthropology and Human Genetics of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80333, Munich, Germany

    Elizabeth H. Weiss

  3. Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, 862, Kumamoto, Japan

    Kuniya Abe

  4. Division of Molecular Life Science, Department of Genetic Information, Tokai University Scholl of Medicine, 259-11, Isehara, Japan

    Asako Ando, Yukie Yara-Kikuti & Hidetoshi Inoko

  5. Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, 27710, Durnham, NC, USA

    Michael F. Seldin

  6. Laboratory of Molecular Growth Regualtion, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 20892, Bethesda, MD, USA

    Keiko Ozato

Authors
  1. Toshi Nagata
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Elizabeth H. Weiss
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kuniya Abe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kyoko Kitagawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Asako Ando
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Yukie Yara-Kikuti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Michael F. Seldin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Keiko Ozato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Hidetoshi Inoko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Makoto Taketo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

The mapping data reported here have been submitted to the International Chromosome Committee of the Mouse Genome and have been assigned the accession number MGD-PMEX-3

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nagata, T., Weiss, E.H., Abe, K. et al. Physical mapping of the retinoid X receptorB gene in mouse and human. Immunogenetics 41, 83–90 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00182317

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00182317

Keywords

Search

Navigation