Skip to main content
Log in

Search Engine for Children: User-Centered Design

  • Schwerpunktbeitrag
  • Published:
Datenbank-Spektrum Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Children are a fast growing user group on the Internet. Among different online activities, children use web search engines in order to gather information related to their personal interests and school activities. Children’s knowledge, cognitive abilities and fine motor skills are different from those of adults. Therefore, they may experience difficulties with search engines that are built using standard information retrieval algorithms and search interfaces for adults. Special or targeted search engines for children are essential in order to better support children in their search tasks. However, the design of search solutions for children is not an easy task. Not only are children’s abilities different from the abilities of adults, children also undergo relatively fast changes in their abilities. In order to tackle this challenge, an age-adaptable information terminal for children with a special focus on the search user interface (SUI) has been developed in three stages following a user-centered design. Specifically, it addresses the changing characteristics of the users by providing a means of adaptation. Several user studies have been conducted with children during the development to ensure the usability of the information terminal.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. http://lucene.apache.org/solr/.

  2. http://www.digital-ist.de/veranstaltungen/science-station-2014.html, accessed on 2014-09-10.

  3. http://lucene.apache.org/.

  4. http://www.dke-research.de/KnowledgeJourneyExhibit.html.

References

  1. Akkersdijk S, Brandon M, Jochmann-Mannak H, Hiemstra D, Huibers T (2011) Imagepile: An alternative for vertical results lists of ir-systems. Univ. of Twente, Twente (Tech. Rep. ISSN 1381-3625, TR-CTIT-11-11)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Amstad T (1978) Wie verständlich sind unsere zeitungen? Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Zürich

    Google Scholar 

  3. Behrens P, Rathgeb T (2010) Kim-studie 2010. Kinder + Medien. Computer + Internet. Basisuntersuchung zum Medienumgang 6‑ bis 13-jähriger in Deutschland. Medienpädagogischer Forschungsverbund Südwest, Stuttgart (Tech. rep.)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bilal D, Kirby J (2002) Differences and similarities in information seeking: children and adults as Web users. Inf Process Manag 38(5):649–670

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Budiu R, Nielsen J (2010) Usability of Websites for Children: Design Guidelines for Targeting Users Aged 3–12 Years, 2nd edn. Nielsen Norman Group Report.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Card S, Moran T, Newell A (1986) The model human processor – an engineering model of human performance. In: Handb. of perception and human performance, vol 2.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Erikson E (1963) Children and society. Narton, NY

    Google Scholar 

  8. Gossen T (2015) Search Engines for Children: Search User Interfaces and Information-Seeking Behaviour. Springer Fachmedien, Wiesbaden

    Book  Google Scholar 

  9. Gossen T, Hempel J, Nürnberger A (2013) Find it if you can: usability case study of search engines for young users. Pers Ubiquitous Comput 17(8):1593–1603

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Gossen T, Höbel J, Nürnberger A (2014) A comparative study about children’s and adults’ perception of targeted web search engines. In: Proc. of the SIGCHI Conf. on Human Factors in Computing Systems CHI ’14. ACM, pp 1821–1824

    Google Scholar 

  11. Gossen T, Höbel J, Nürnberger A (2014) Usability and perception of young users and adults on targeted web search engines. In: Proc. of the 5th Information Interaction in Context Symposium IIIX ’14. ACM, pp 18–27

    Google Scholar 

  12. Gossen T, Kotzyba M, Nürnberger A (2015) Knowledge journey exhibit: Towards age-adaptive search user interfaces. In: Advances in IR, 37th European Conference on IR Research ECIR 2015. Springer, pp 781–784

    Google Scholar 

  13. Gossen T, Low T, Nürnberger A (2011) What are the real differences of children’s and adults’ web search. In: Proc. of the 34th int. ACM SIGIR conf. on Research and development in Information. ACM, pp 1115–1116

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gossen T, Nitsche M, Nürnberger A (2012) Knowledge journey: A web search interface for young users. In: Proc. of the Sixth Symposium on HCIR 2012. ACM

    Google Scholar 

  15. Gossen T, Nitsche M, Nürnberger A (2012) Search user interface design for children: Challenges and solutions. In: Proc. of euroHCIR 2012 Workshop

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gossen T, Nitsche M, Nürnberger A (2013) Evolving search user interfaces. In: Proc. of the Workshop on euroHCIR at SIGIR Conf, pp 31–34

    Google Scholar 

  17. Gossen T, Nitsche M, Nürnberger A (2014) My first search user interface. In: Advances in Information Retrieval 36th Europ. Conf. on IR Research, ECIR 2014. LNCS. Springer, pp 746–749

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  18. Gossen T, Nitsche M, Vos J, Nürnberger A (2013) Adaptation of a search user interface towards user needs – a prototype study with children & adults. In: Proc. of the 7th ann. Symposium on HCIR 2013. ACM

    Google Scholar 

  19. Gossen T, Nürnberger A (2013) Specifics of information retrieval for young users: A survey. Inf Process Manag 49(4):739–756

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Gutnick A, Robb M, Takeuchi L, Kotler J, Bernstein L, Levine M (2011) Always connected: The new digital media habits of young children (Tech. rep.)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Hackfort D (2003) Studientext Entwicklungspsychologie 1: Theoretisches Bezugssystem, Funktionsbereiche, Interventionsmöglichkeiten. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht

    Google Scholar 

  22. Hourcade JP, Bederson BB, Druin A, Guimbretière F (2004) Differences in pointing task performance between preschool children and adults using mice. Acm Tochi 11(4):357–386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Hutchinson HB, Druin A, Bederson BB, Reuter K, Rose A, Weeks AC (2005) How do i find blue books about dogs? the errors and frustrations of young digital library users. In: Proc. of the 11th Int. Conf. on HCII 2005

    Google Scholar 

  24. Jochmann-Mannak H, Huibers T, Lentz L, Sanders T (2010) Children searching information on the internet: Performance on children’s interfaces compared to google. In: Towards Accessible Search Systems – Workshop of the 33rd ann. int. ACM SIGIR conf. on Research and Development in IR. ACM, Geneva, pp 27–35

    Google Scholar 

  25. Jochmann-Mannak H, Lentz L, Huibers T, Sanders T (2014) How interface design and search strategy influence children’s search performance and evaluation. In: Evaluating Websites and Web Services: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on User Satisfaction. IGI Global, Hershey, PA, USA, pp 241–287

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  26. Kail R (2001) Children and their development. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ

    Google Scholar 

  27. Livingstone S (2003) Children’s use of the internet: Reflections on the emerging research agenda. New Media Soc 5(2):147

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Piaget J, Inhelder B (1969) The psychology of the child. Basic Books

    Google Scholar 

  29. Solomon P (1993) Children’s information retrieval behavior: A case analysis of an OPAC. J Am Soc Inf Sci 44(5):245–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Stuart A (2007) When Should Kids Learn to Read, Write, and Do Math? WebMD. http://children.webmd.com/features/when-should-kids-learn-read-write-math. Accessed 2012-07-18

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Transregional Collaborative Research Centre SFB/TRR 62 “A Companion-Technology for Cognitive Technical Systems” funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tatiana Gossen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gossen, T., Kotzyba, M. & Nürnberger, A. Search Engine for Children: User-Centered Design. Datenbank Spektrum 17, 61–67 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13222-016-0242-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13222-016-0242-5

Keywords

Navigation