Abstract
Role of endochitinase (ech42) gene in Trichoderma was worked out to prove the efficacy against most dreaded red rot disease of sugarcane caused by Colletotrichum falcatum Went. Trichoderma spp. along with Trichoderma harzianum strain and Aspergillus awamori were tested against the virulent pathotypes of C. falcatum (Cf08, Cf09 and Cf401) under in vitro and in vivo conditions. T. harzianum was significantly able to control the incidence of red rot disease in highly susceptible sugarcane cultivar. PCR-Random amplified polymorphic DNA amplification results clearly separated T. harzianum 1, 2 and 3 from rest of the biological agents. T. harzianum 1 strain was highly diverse and making distant relationship with rest of the T. harzianum bioagents. Wide genetic distance was observed among the red rot pathogens and biological agents. The ech42 specific primers pair amplified a corresponding fragment of 1.5 kb in all Trichoderma spp. Thus, the presence of the ech42 gene was found to be correlated with the biocontrol activity of Trichoderma species. These findings clearly supported that ech42 gene is more specifically responsible for controlling the red rot incidence in sugarcane.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anand, S., and J. Reddy. 2009. Biocontrol potential of Trichoderma sp. against plant pathogens. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1: 30–39.
Atreya, K. 2008. Health costs from short-term exposure to pesticides in Nepal. Soil Science and Medicine 67: 511–519.
Barbara, R., I.L. Enrique, L.M. Robert, and H.E. Alfredo. 2011. Identification of mycoparasitism-related genes in Trichoderma atroviridep. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70: 4361–4370.
Carsolio, C., N. Benhamou, S. Haran, S.C. Corte, A. Gutierrez, I. Chet, and A. Herrera-Estrella. 1999. Role of the Trichoderma harzianum Endochitinase Gene ech42 in Mycoparasitism. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65: 929–935.
Carsolio, C., A. Gutierrez, B. Jimenez, M. Van Montagu, and A. Herrera-Estrella. 1994. Characterization of ech-42, a Trichoderma harzianum endochitinase gene expressed during mycoparasitism. Proceeding of National Academic Sciences USA 91: 10903–10907.
Chet, I. 1987. Trichoderma-application, mode of action and potential as a biocontrol agent of soilborne plant pathogenic fungi, “Innovative Approaches to Plant Disease Control”, 137–160. New York: Wiley.
Copping, L.G., and J.J. Menn. 2000. Biopesticides: a review of their action, applications and efficacy. Pest Management Science 56: 651–676.
García, I., J.M. Lora, J. Cruz, L. Benítez, A. Llobell, and J.A. Pintor-Toro. 1994. Cloning and characterization of a chitinase (chit42) cDNA from the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma harzianum. Current Genetics 27: 83–89.
George, E., H. Marochner, and I. Jakobson. 1995. Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi in uptake of Phosphors and nitrogen from soil. Critical Review of Biotechnology 15: 57–270.
Gomez, I., I. Chet, and A. Herreraestrela. 1997. Genetic diversity and vegetative compatibility among Trichoderma harzianum isolates. Molecular Genetics and Genomics 256: 127–135.
Grondona, I., R. Hermosa, M. Tejada, M.D. Gomis, P.F. Mateos, P.D. Bridge, E. Monte, and I. García-acha. 1997. Physiological and biochemical characterisation of Trichoderma harzianum, a biological control agent against soil-borne fungal plant pathogens. Applied Environmental Microbiology 63: 3189–3198.
Gupta, V.K., A.K. Mishra, A. Gupta, B.K. Pandey, and R.K. Gaur. 2010. RAPD-PCR of Trichoderma isolates and in vitro antagonism against Fusarium wilt pathogens of Psidium guajava L. Journal of Plant Protection and Research 50: 256–262.
Harman, G.E. 2000. Myths and dogmas of biocontrol. Plant Disease 84: 377–391.
Hartl, L., S. Zach, and V. Seidl-Seiboth. 2012. Fungal chitinases: diversity, mechanistic properties and biotechnological potential. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 93: 533–543.
Joshi, D., and S.C. Misra. 2013. Characterization of Trichoderma isolates from sugarcane agro-ecosystem and their efficacy against C. falcatum causing red rot of sugarcane. Sugar Tech 15: 192–196.
Kubicek, C.P., and G.E. Harman. 1998. Trichoderma and Gliocladium. Vol. I and II. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd.
Munnecke, D.E. 1972. Factors affecting the efficacy of fungicide in soil. Annual review of Phytopathology 10: 375–398.
Muthu, K.A., and P. Sharma. 2011. Molecular and morphological characters: An appurtenance for antagonism in Trichoderma spp. African Journal of Biotechnology 10: 4532–4543.
Rohlf, F. J. 1998. NTSYS-pc. Numerical taxonomy and multivariate analysis system, version 2.0, 37. New York: Applied Biostatistics.
Sangeetha, G., S. Usharani, and A. Muthukumar. 2009. Biocontrol with Trichoderma species for the management of postharvest crown rot of banana. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 48: 214–225.
Schirmbo¨ck, M., M. Lorito, Y.L. Wang, C.K. Hayes, I. Arsian-Atac, F. Scala, G.E. Harman, P. Sharma, V.P. Kumar, R. Ramesh, K. Saravanan, S. Deep, M. Sharma, S. Mahesh, and S. Dinesh. 2011. Biocontrol genes from Trichoderma species: a review. African Journal of Biotechnology 10: 19898–19907.
Shoresh, M., G.E. Harman, and F. Mastouri. 2010. Induced systemic resistance and plant responses to fungal biocontrol agents. Annual review of Phytopathology 48: 21–43.
Simon, C., and M. Sivasithaparam. 1988. Interaction among G. graminum var. tritci, Trichoderma koningii and soil bacteria. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 34: 871–876.
Singh, V., P.N. Singh, R.L. Yadav, S.K. Awasthi, B.B. Joshi, R.K. Singh, R.J. Lal, and S.K. Duttamajumder. 2010. Increasing the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum for nutrient uptake and control of red rot in sugarcane. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry 2: 66–71.
Singh, D., A. K. Tiwari, S. Mall, B. Shukla, I. Z. Ahmad and G. P. Rao. 2012. Morphological and molecular diversity among C. falcatum isolates causing red rot disease of sugarcane in Uttar Pradesh. 10th Pathology Workshop, Nanning, China, May 7–11, p. 9.
Smith, K.P., and R.M. Goodman. 1999. Host variation for interaction with beneficial plant-associated microbes. Annual review of Phytopathology 37: 473–491.
Srivastava, S., V. Singh, and P.S. Gupta. 2011. Ribosomal DNA sequence based characterization of Trichoderma isolates antagonistic to Colletotrichum falcatum causing red rot disease of sugarcane. Sugar Tech 13: 245–249.
Srivastava, S., V. Singh, and S.L. Awasthi. 2006. Trichoderma induced improvement in growth, yield and quality of sugarcane. Sugar Tech 8: 166–169.
Talukder, M.I., F. Begum, and M.M.K. Azad. 2007. Management of pineapple disease of sugarcane through biological means. Journal of Agricultural and Rural Development 5: 79–83.
Tiwari, A.K., Y.P. Bharti, N. Mishra, S. Tripathi, M. Lal, P.K. Sharma, G.P. Rao, and M.L. Sharma. 2010. Biotechnological approaches for improving sugarcane crop with special reference to disease resistance. Acta Phytopatthologica et Entomologica Hungrica 45: 235–249.
Watts, R., J. Dahiya, K. Chandhary, and P. Tauro. 1988. Isolation and characterization of a new antifungal metabolite of Trichoderma reesei. Plant and Soil 107: 81–84.
Yao, H., Z. He, M.J. Wilson, and C.D. Campbell. 2000. Microbial biomass and community structure in a sequence of soils with increasing fertility and changing land use. Microbiology and Ecology 40: 223–237.
Acknowledgments
Authors pay sincere thanks to Dr. M. L. Sharma (Ex-Director), UP Council of Sugarcane Research, India for his support and critical suggestion.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Singh, R.K., Kumar, P., Tiwari, N.N. et al. Role of Endochitinase Gene and Efficacy of Trichoderma Against Colletotrichum falcatum Went. Causing Red Rot Disease in Sugarcane. Sugar Tech 16, 180–188 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-013-0254-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12355-013-0254-5