Abstract
The effects of planting depth on potato cultivars grown in the Columbia Basin of Washington State have gone unreported. The response of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars ‘Russet Burbank’ and ‘Umatilla Russet’ to planting depth was evaluated during 2000, 2001, and 2002. The objectives were to determine how planting depth affected potato plant morphology, tuber greening, yield, and economic value in the Columbia Basin. Ten- and 20-cm planting depths were used all three years; 15- and 25-cm depths were added in 2002. Soil temperature extremes and heat-unit accumulation typically increased as seed pieces were planted closer to the soil surface. Plant emergence was occasionally delayed with an increase in planting depth for both cultivars. Node, stolon, and tuber number per stem increased as planting depth increased, but tuber number per plant did not. Russet Burbank stem number increased as seed pieces were planted closer to the soil surface; Umatilla stem number was not affected by planting depth. Despite differences in the emergence rate due to planting depth, total yield was not affected. However, marketable yield and gross income typically declined when seed pieces were planted shallow (10 cm). The largest impact to marketable yield and gross income came from green tubers. Tuber greening was reduced as seed pieces were planted deeper.
Resumen
No existen informes de los efectos de siembra profunda sobre los cultivares que crecen en la cuenca del Columbia del Estado de Washington. Se evaluó la respuesta de los cultivares de papa (Solanum tuberosum) ‘Russet Burbank’ y ‘Umatilla Russet’ a la profundidad de siembra, durante las campañas 2000, 2001 y 2002. Los objetivos fueron determinar el efecto que tiene la profundidad de siembra sobre la morfología de la planta, el verdeo del tubérculo, el rendimiento y el valor económico, en la cuenca del Columbia. Se probaron las profundidades de siembra de 10 y 20 cm los tres años; 15 y 20 cm se incluyeron el 2002. La temperatura extrema del suelo y la acumulación de la unidad de calor se incrementaron visiblemente a medida que los pedazos de semilla se sembraron cerca de la superficie del suelo en ambos cultivares. La emergencia de planta fue ocasionalmente retardada con el incremento de la profundidad de siembra en ambos cultivares. El numero de nudos, estolones y tubérculos por tallo incrementaron a medida que se aumentó la profundidad de siembra, pero no incrementó el número de tubérculos por planta. En Russet Burbank aumentó el número de tallos a medida que los pedazos de semilla se sembraron mas cerca de la superficie del suelo; en Umatilla, el número de tallos no fue afectado por la profundidad de siembra. A pesar de las diferencias en la emergencia de las plantas debido a la profundidad de siembra, el rendimiento total no fue afectado. Sin embargo, el rendimiento comercial y el ingreso bruto disminuyeron cuando la semilla se sembró a poca profundidad (10 cm). El mayor impacto al rendimiento comercial e ingreso bruto, vino de los tubérculos verdeados. El verdeo disminuyó cuando los pedazos de semilla se sembraron a mayor profundidad.
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Pavek, M.J., Thornton, R.E. Planting Depth Influences Potato Plant Morphology and Economic Value. Am. J. Pot Res 86, 56–67 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-008-9062-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-008-9062-y