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Plant growth response from aged potato seed-tubers as affected by meristem selection and NAA

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Abstract

Plant growth from Russet Burbank seed-tubers of different ages was compared as affected by source of meristematic tissue (apical or basal) and NAA treatment. In controlled environment studies, single-eye seedcores from 17-mo-old seed-tubers produced twice as many shoots compared to those from 5-and 29-mo-old seed-tubers. Seed-tuber age and shoot dry weight/core were inversely related. Dry weight/shoot decreased as age increased to 17 mo and then remained unchanged from 17 to 29 mo. Apical meristems lost growth potential faster than basal meristems as age advanced. Meristem physiological age apparently depends on relative position of the buds as well as on the chronological age of the seed-tuber.

NAA (10–40 mg/l) decreased the number of shoots/core, had no effect on shoot dry weight/core but increased the dry weight/shoot when applied to seedcores from 20-mo-old seed-tubers. On seedcores from 8-mo-old seed-tubers. NAA decreased the shoot dry weight (g/core, g/shoot). In field studies, NAA (100 mg/l) increased the total tuber yield of plants grown from seedpieces cut from 8-and 20-mo-old seed-tubers. These increases were manifested in age-specific effects on tuber grade. The effects of seedtuber age on plant growth and tuber yield were partially overcome by seedpiece treatment with NAA.

Resumen

El crecimiento vegetal de tubérculos-semillas de Russet Burbank de diferentes edades fue comparado en su grado de afectación por la fuente de tejido meristemático (apical o basal) o por el tratamiento de NAA. En los estudios de ambiente controlado, los pedazos de semilla con un sólo ojo de un tubérculo-semilla de 17 meses de edad produjeron doble cantidad de brotes comparado con los de los tubérculos-semillas de 5 y 29 meses de edad. La edad de los tubérculos-semillas y el peso seco de brotes por pedazo estuvieron en proporción inversa. El peso seco por cada brote disminuía en la medida en que aumentaba la edad hasta 17 meses y, luego, quedó invariable de 17 hasta 29 meses. Los meristemas apicales perdieron el potential de crecimiento más rápidamente que los meristemas basales a medida que la edad avanzaba. La edad fisiológica de los meristemas depende aparentemente de la posición relativa de las yemas así como de la edad cronológica del tubérculo-semilla.

El NAA (10 a 40 mg por litro) disminuyó el número de brotes por pedazo, no tuvo ningún efecto sobre el peso seco de brotes por pedazo pero incrementó el peso seco por brote cuando fue aplicado a pedazos de semilla de tubérculos-semillas de 20 meses de edad. En los pedazos de semilla de tubérculos de 8 meses de edad, el NAA disminuyó el peso seco de brotes (peso por pedazo, peso por brote). En los estudios de campo, el NAA (100 mg por litro) incrementó el rendimiento total de tubérculos de plantas provenientes de pedazos de semilla cortados de tubérculos-semillas de 8 a 20 meses de edad. Estos incrementos se manifestaron en efectos específicos de edad sobre el tamaño de los tubérculos. Los efectos de la edad de los tubérculos-semillas sobre el crecimento de la planta y en rendimiento de tubérculos fueron, en parte, superados por el tratamiento de la semilla con NAA.

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Paper No. SP 6939. Project 6949, Washington State Agricultural Experiment Station, Pullman, WA.

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Knowles, N.R., Iritani, W.M. & Weller, L.D. Plant growth response from aged potato seed-tubers as affected by meristem selection and NAA. American Potato Journal 62, 289–300 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854348

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