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Does attainment status for the PM10 National Air Ambient Quality Standard change the trend in ambient levels of particulate matter?

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Abstract

Despite increasingly stringent and cost-demanding national, state, and local air quality regulations, adverse health effects associated with ambient exposure to air pollution persist. Accountability research, aimed at evaluating the effects of air quality regulation on health outcome, is increasingly viewed as an essential component of responsible government intervention. In this paper, we focused on assessing the impact of air quality regulations on ambient levels of air pollution. We considered two groups of counties: the first group (A) includes counties that in 1991 were designated as in attainment or unclassifiable with respect to the 1987 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and maintained their status through 2006; the second group (Ā), includes counties that in 1991 were designated as nonattainment and were subsequently redesignated as in attainment. We hypothesized that if air pollution control programs adopted to meet the NAAQS are effective in reducing air pollution levels, counties in group Ā will experience a sharper decrease in PM10 levels than counties in group A. To provide evidence to support this hypothesis, Bayesian hierarchical models were developed for estimating 1) the yearly percentage change in ambient PM10 levels for 100 counties and the entire USA during the period 1987–2007 and 2) the change in PM10 ambient levels in counties in group Ā compared with counties in group A. We found statistically significant evidence of variability across counties in trends of PM10 concentrations. We also found strong evidence that counties transitioning from nonattainment to attainment status during the period 1987–2007 experienced a sharper decline in PM10 when compared with counties that were always in attainment.

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Acknowledgements

The project described was supported by Award Number R01ES012054 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Award Numbers EPA R83622 and EPA RD83241701. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, of the National Institutes of Health nor of the EPA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

    Marta Rava

  2. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

    Ronald H. White

  3. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Francesca Dominici

Authors
  1. Marta Rava
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  2. Ronald H. White
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  3. Francesca Dominici
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Correspondence to Marta Rava.

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Rava, M., White, R.H. & Dominici, F. Does attainment status for the PM10 National Air Ambient Quality Standard change the trend in ambient levels of particulate matter?. Air Qual Atmos Health 4, 133–143 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-010-0086-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-010-0086-3

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