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Sensorimotor and cognitive factors associated with the age-related increase of visual field dependence: a cross-sectional study

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Abstract

Reliance on the visual frame of reference for spatial orientation (or visual field dependence) has been reported to increase with age. This has implications on old adults’ daily living tasks as it affects stability, attention, and adaptation capacities. However, the nature and underlying mechanisms of this increase are not well defined. We investigated sensorimotor and cognitive factors possibly associated with increased visual field dependence in old age, by considering functions that are both known to degrade with age and important for spatial orientation and sensorimotor control: reliance on the (somatosensory-based) egocentric frame of reference, visual fixation stability, and attentional processing of complex visual scenes (useful field of view, UFOV). Twenty young, 18 middle-aged, and 20 old adults completed a visual examination, three tests of visual field dependence (RFT, RDT, and GEFT), a test of egocentric dependence (subjective vertical estimation with the body erect and tilted at 70°), a visual fixation task, and a test of visual attentional processing (UFOV®). Increased visual field dependence with age was associated with reduced egocentric dependence, visual fixation stability, and visual attentional processing. In addition, visual fixation instability and reduced UFOV were correlated. Results of middle-aged adults fell between those of the young and old, revealing the progressive nature of the age effects we evaluated. We discuss results in terms of reference frame selection with respect to ageing as well as visual and non-visual information processing. Inter-individual differences amongst old adults are highlighted and discussed with respect to the functionality of increased visual field dependence.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Association for Research and Technology (ANRT). The authors would like to thank Jean-Luc Perrin for his counsel during data analysis and contribution in setting up the subjective vertical estimation tests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. R&D Optics Department, Vision Sciences Department, Essilor International, 75012, Paris, France

    Catherine P. Agathos, Delphine Bernardin, Delphine Huchet & Anne-Catherine Scherlen

  2. Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience (LNC - UMR 7291), National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), Aix-Marseille University, 13331, Marseille, France

    Christine Assaiante

  3. UR CIAMS EA 4532 – MHAPS - Human Movement, Adaptation & Sport Performance Team, Paris-Sud University, 91405, Orsay, France

    Catherine P. Agathos & Brice Isableu

Authors
  1. Catherine P. Agathos
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  2. Delphine Bernardin
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  3. Delphine Huchet
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  4. Anne-Catherine Scherlen
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  5. Christine Assaiante
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  6. Brice Isableu
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Correspondence to Catherine P. Agathos.

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Agathos, C.P., Bernardin, D., Huchet, D. et al. Sensorimotor and cognitive factors associated with the age-related increase of visual field dependence: a cross-sectional study. AGE 37, 67 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-015-9805-x

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