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Decolorization and biodegradation of reactive dyes and dye wastewater by a developed bacterial consortium

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Abstract

A bacterial consortium (consortium GR) consisting of Proteus vulgaris NCIM-2027 and Micrococcus glutamicus NCIM-2168 could rapidly decolorize and degrade commonly-used sulfonated reactive dye Green HE4BD and many other reactive dyes. Consortium GR shows markedly higher decolorization activity than that of the individual strains. The preferable physicochemical parameters were identified to achieve higher dye degradation and decolorization efficiency. The supplementation of cheap co-substrates (e.g., extracts of agricultural wastes) could enhance the decolorization performance of consortium GR. Extent of mineralization was determined with TOC and COD measurements, showing nearly complete mineralization of Green HE4BD by consortium GR (up to 90% TOC and COD reduction) within 24 h. Oxidoreductive enzymes seemed to be involved in fast decolorization/degradation process with the evidence of enzymes induction in the bacterial consortium. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity studies confirm that the biodegraded products of Green HE4BD by consortium GR are non-toxic. Consortium GR also shows significant biodegradation and decolorization activities for mixture of reactive dyes as well as the effluent from actual dye manufacturing industry. This confers the possibility of applying consortium GR for the treatment of industrial wastewaters containing dye pollutants.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Prof. Sang Eun Oh, Kangwon National University, South Korea for his support during wastewater study. The authors would like to acknowledge the technical help from Dr. G. S. Ghodake, Kyungpook National University, South Korea, as well as Dr. Chun-Yen Chen, Miss Kuey-Ling Yeh and Dr. Shing-Der Chen from National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, MS, India

    R. G. Saratale & S. P. Govindwar

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan

    R. G. Saratale, G. D. Saratale & J. S. Chang

  3. Department of Biological Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea

    G. D. Saratale

  4. Sustainable Environment Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan

    J. S. Chang

  5. Center for Biosciences and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan

    J. S. Chang

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  1. R. G. Saratale
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  2. G. D. Saratale
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  3. J. S. Chang
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  4. S. P. Govindwar
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to J. S. Chang or S. P. Govindwar.

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Saratale, R.G., Saratale, G.D., Chang, J.S. et al. Decolorization and biodegradation of reactive dyes and dye wastewater by a developed bacterial consortium. Biodegradation 21, 999–1015 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-010-9360-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-010-9360-1

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