Abstract
Bacillus sp. VUS decolorized azo dye Navy blue 2GL in 48 h at static anoxic condition in yeast extract medium, whereas it took only 18 h for the decolorization in presence of CaCl2. Different inducers played role in the decolorization of Navy blue 2GL. CaCl2 found to be the most effective inducer among all inducers tested. The activity of enzymes like lignin peroxidase, laccase and reductases viz. NADH-DCIP, azo and riboflavin induced during decolorization represents their role in the biodegradation. Extracellular LiP and intracellular laccase activity induced with CaCl2. Yeast extract was best medium for faster decolorization than other media. UV–vis spectrophotometer analysis and visual examinations showed decolorization of dye. High performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy showed degradation of dye. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy revealed formation of 4-Amino-3-(2-bromo-4, 6-dinitro-phenylazo)-phenol and acetic acid 2-(-acetoxy-ethylamino)-ethyl ester as final products. Bacillus sp. VUS also decolorized synthetic effluent. Phytotoxicity study showed detoxification of Navy blue 2GL.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ambrosio ST, Campos-Takaki GM (2004) Decolorization of reactive azo dyes by Cunninghamella elegans UCP 542 under co-metabolic conditions. Bioresour Technol 91:69–75. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00153-6
Carliell CM, Barclay SJ, Naidoo N, Buckley CA, Mulholland DA, Senior E (1995) Microbial decolorization of a reactive azo dye under anaerobic conditions. Water SA 21:61–69
Cavallazzil JP, Kasuya CM, Soares MA (2005) Screening if inducers for laccase production by Lentinula edodes in liquid medium. Braz J Microbiol 36:383–387
Cha C, Doerge DR, Cerniglia CE (2001) Biotransformation of malachite green by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:4353–4360. doi:10.1128/AEM.67.9.4358-4360.2001
Dawkar VV, Jadhav UU, Jadhav SU, Govindwar SP (2008) Biodegradation of disperse textile dye Brown 3REL by newly isolated Bacillus sp. VUS. J Appl Microbiol 105:14–24. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03738.x
Dawkar VV, Jadhav UU, Telke AA, Govindwar SP (2009) Peroxidase from Bacillus sp. VUS and its role in the decolorization of textile dyes. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng (in press)
Do T, Shen J, Cawood G, Jeckins R (2002) Biotreatment of textile effluent using Pseudomonas sp. immobilized on polymer supports. Advances in biotreatment for textile processing. University of Georgia Press, Georgia
Fontecave M, Eliasson R, Reichard P (1987) NAD (P) H: flavin oxidoreductase of E. coli: a ferric iron reductase participating in the generation of the free radical of ribonucleotide reductase. J Biol Chem 262:12325–12331
Hasnat MA, Uddin MM, Samed AJF, Alam SS, Hossain S (2007) Adsorption and photocatalytic decolorization of a synthetic dye erythrosine on anatase TiO2 and ZnO surfaces. J Hazard Mater 147:471–477. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.040
Hatvani N, Mecs I (2001) Production of laccase and manganese peroxidase by Lentinus edodes on malt containing by product of the brewing process. Process Biochem 37:491–496. doi:10.1016/S0032-9592(01)00236-9
Hu TL (2001) Kinetics of azo reductase and assessment of toxicity of metabolic products from azo dye by Pseudomonas luteola. Water Sci Technol 43:261–269
Jadhav JP, Govindwar SP (2006) Biotransformation of malachite green by Saccharomyces cerevisiae MTCC 463. Yeast 23:315–323. doi:10.1002/yea.1356
Jadhav UU, Dawkar VV, Ghodake GS, Govindwar SP (2008) Biodegradation of direct red 5B, a textile dye by newly isolated Comamonas sp. UVS. J Hazard Mater 158:507–516. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.099
Kalme SD, Parshetti GK, Jadhav SU, Govindwar SP (2007a) Biodegradation of benzidine based dye direct blue-6 by Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112. Bioresour Technol 98:1405–1410. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.05.023
Kalme S, Ghodake G, Govindwar S (2007b) Red HE7B degradation using desulfonation by Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112. Int Biodeter Biodegrad 60:327–333. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2007.05.006
Kalyani DC, Patil PS, Jadhav JP, Govindwar SP (2008) Biodegradation of reactive textile dye red BLI by an isolated bacterium Pseudomonas sp. SUK1. Bioresour Technol 99:4635–4641. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.06.058
Maier J, Kandelbauer A, Erlacher A, CavacoPaulo A, Gubits GM (2004) A new alkali thermostable azoreductase from Bacillus sp. Strain SF. Appl Environ Microbiol 70:837–844. doi:10.1128/AEM.70.2.837-844.2004
Mohana N, Balasubramanian N, Ahmed B (2007) Electrochemical oxidation of textile wastewater and its reuse. J Hazard Mater 147:644–651. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.063
Novotny C, Svobodova K, Kasinath A, Erbanova P (2004) Biodegradation of synthetic dyes by Irpex lacteus under various growth conditions. Int Biodeter Biodegrad 54:215–223. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2004.06.003
Ozfer Y, Dilek A, Seval C (2003) Decolorization of textile dyes by fungal pellets. Process Biochem 38:933–938. doi:10.1016/S0032-9592(02)00197-8
Parshetti G, Kalme S, Saratale G, Govindwar S (2006a) Biodegradation of malachite green by Kocuria rosea MTCC 1532. Acta Chim Slov 53:492–498
Parshetti GK, Kalme SD, Gomare SS, Govindwar SP (2006b) Biodegradation of reactive blue-25 by Aspergillus ochraceus NCIM-1146. Bioresour Technol 98:3638–3642. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.017
Pearcea CI, Lloydb JR, Guthriea JT (2003) The removal of color from textile wastewater using whole bacterial cells: a review. Dyes Pigments 58:179–196. doi:10.1016/S0143-7208(03)00064-0
Pointing SB, Vrijmoed LLP (2000) Decolorization of azo and triphenyl methane dyes by Pycnoporus sanuineus producing laccase as the sole phenol oxidase. J Microbiol Biotechnol 16:317–318. doi:10.1023/A:1008959600680
Robinson T, Chandran B, Nigam P (2001) Studies on the decolorization of an artificial textile effluent by white-rot fungi in N-rich and N-limited media. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 57:810–813. doi:10.1007/s00253-001-0857-8
Rodriyguez Couto SG, Feijoo Moreira MT, Lema JM (2002) Evaluation of the environmental conditions for the continuous production of lignin peroxidase by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in fixed-bed bioreactors. Biotechnol Lett 24:791–794. doi:10.1023/A:1015576121541
Salokhe MD, Govindwar SP (1999) Effect of carbon source on the biotransformation enzymes in Serratia marcescens. J Microbiol Biotechnol 15:229–232
Saratale GD, Kalme SD, Govindwar SP (2006) Decolorization of textile dyes by Aspergillus ochraceus. Indian J Biotechnol 5:407–410
Sarnaik S, Kanekar P (1999) Biodegradation of methyl violet by Pseudomonas mendocina MCM B-402. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 52:251–254. doi:10.1007/s002530051517
Selvam K, Swaminathan K, Chae KS (2003) Decolorization of azo dyes and a dye industry effluent by a white rot fungus Thelephora sp. Bioresour Technol 88:115–119. doi:10.1016/S0960-8524(02)00280-8
Shanmugam V, Kumari M, Yadav KD (1999) n-propanol as a substrate for assaying the lignin peroxidase activity of Phanerochaete chrysoporium. Indian J Biochem Biophys 36:39–43
Sumathi S, Manju BS (2000) Uptake of reactive textile dyes by Aspergillus foetidus. Enzyme Microb Technol 27:347–355. doi:10.1016/S0141-0229(00)00234-9
Wesenberg D, Buchon F, Agathos SN (2002) Degradation of dye containing textile effluent by the agaric white-rot fungus Clitocybula dusenii. Biotechnol Lett 24:989–993. doi:10.1023/A:1015660927710
Zhang X, Flurkey W (1997) Phenoloxidases in Portabella Mushrooms. J Food Sci 62:97–100. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb04376.x
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dawkar, V.V., Jadhav, U.U., Ghodake, G.S. et al. Effect of inducers on the decolorization and biodegradation of textile azo dye Navy blue 2GL by Bacillus sp. VUS. Biodegradation 20, 777–787 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-009-9266-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-009-9266-y