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Influence of rubber trees on leaf-miner damage to coffee plants in an agroforestry system

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Abstract

The coffee leaf-miner (CLM) (Leucoptera coffeella Guérin-Mèneville; Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), the main pest of coffee plants, occurs widely throughout the Neotropics where it has a significant, negative economic and quantitative impact on coffee production. This study was conducted in a rubber tree/coffee plant interface that was influenced by the trees to a varying degrees depending on the location of the coffee plants, i.e. from beneath the rubber trees, extending through a range of distances from the edge of the tree plantation to end in a coffee monocrop field. The most severe damage inflicted on coffee plants by the CLM (number of mined leaves) from April, which marks the start of the water deficit period, until September 2003 was in the zone close to the rubber trees, whereas the damage inflicted on plants in the monocropped field was comparable to that on coffee plants grown directly beneath the rubber trees, which received about 25–40 % of the available irradiance (Ir—available irradiation at a certain position divided by the irradiation received in full sunlight, i.e. in the monocrop). From May until July damage caused by the CLM nearly doubled in each month. In midwinter (July), the damage decreased perceptibly from the tree edge toward the open field. From September onward, with the rising air temperatures CLM damage in the coffee monocrop started to increase. Based on these results, we conclude that coffee plants grown in the full sun incurred the most damage only at the end of winter, with warming air temperatures. Coffee plants grown in shadier locations (25–40 % Ir) were less damaged by the CLM, although a higher proportion of their leaves were mined. The rubber trees probably acted as a shelter during the cold autumn and winter seasons, leading to greater CLM damage over a distance outside the rubber tree plantation that was about equal to the height of the trees. Future studies should attempt to relate leaf hydric potential to pest attack in field conditions. More rigorous measurements of shade conditions could improve our understanding of the relationship of this factor to CLM attack.

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Acknowledgments

Special thanks to the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Foundation for Research Support of the State of São Paulo, or FAPESP) for financial support, and to Prof. Dr. José Dias Costa for his unconditional help. We are also grateful to Prof. Dr. José RP Parra for his corrections and suggestions on this paper, to Prof. Dr. João Luís F Batista for conceptual system analysis, and to Janet W Reid for the language corrections. Furthermore, we thank the kind and accurate suggestions and corrections made by the two anonymous reviewers.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Science, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, P.O. Box. 09, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil

    Ciro Abbud Righi

  2. Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais (IPEF), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, P.O. Box. 530, Piracicaba, SP, 13400-970, Brazil

    Otávio Camargo Campoe

  3. Department Crop Science, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, P.O. Box. 09, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil

    Marcos Silveira Bernardes

  4. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA-Acre), 321, Rodovia BR-364, km 14, Rio Branco, AC, 69900-970, Brazil

    Aureny Maria Pereira Lunz

  5. Department Exact Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, P.O. Box. 09, Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil

    Sônia Maria Stefano Piedade

  6. Department Engenharia Agrícola e do Meio Ambiente, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Passo da Pátria, 156, Bloco D. Sala 236, Niteroi, RJ, 24210-240, Brazil

    Carlos Rodrigues Pereira

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  1. Ciro Abbud Righi
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Correspondence to Ciro Abbud Righi.

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Righi, C.A., Campoe, O.C., Bernardes, M.S. et al. Influence of rubber trees on leaf-miner damage to coffee plants in an agroforestry system. Agroforest Syst 87, 1351–1362 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-013-9642-9

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