Abstract
We consider the problem whether a nonparametric zero-curvature representation can be embedded into a one-parameter family within the same Lie algebra. After introducing a computable cohomological obstruction, a method using the recursion operator to incorporate the parameter is discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Balakrishnan, R.: On the inhomogeneous Heisenberg chain. J. Phys. C, Solid State Phys. 15, L1305–L1308 (1982)
Baran, H.: Can we always distinguish between positive and negative hierarchies?. J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 38, L301–L306 (2005)
Baran, H., Marvan, M.: A conjecture concerning nonlocal terms of recursion operators. Fund. Prikl. Mat. 12(7), 23–33 (2006)
Bobenko, A.I.: Surfaces in terms of 2 by 2 matrices. Old and new integrable cases. In: Fordy, A.P., Wood, J.C. (eds.) Harmonic Maps and Integrable Systems. Aspects Math., vol. E23, pp. 83–127. Vieweg, Braunschweig (1994)
Cieśliński, J.: Lie symmetries as a tool to isolate integrable symmetries. In: Boiti, M., et al. (eds.) Nonlinear Evolution Equations and Dynamical Systems. World Scientific, Singapore (1992)
Cieśliński, J.: Non-local symmetries and a working algorithm to isolate integrable symmetries. J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 26, L267–L271 (1993)
Cieśliński, J.: Group interpretation of the spectral parameter of the nonhomogeneous, nonlinear Schrödinger system. J. Math. Phys. 34, 2372–2384 (1993)
Cieśliński, J., Goldstein, P., Sym, A.: On integrability of the inhomogeneous Heisenberg ferromagnet model: examination of a new test. J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 27, 1645–1664 (1994)
Dodd, R., Fordy, A.: The prolongation structures of quasi-polynomial flows. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 385, 389–429 (1983)
Finley, J.D. III, McIver, J.K.: Prolongation to higher jets of Estabrook–Wahlquist coverings for PDE’s. Acta Appl. Math. 32, 197–225 (1993)
Fokas, A.S., Gel’fand, I.M.: Surfaces on Lie groups, on Lie algebras and their integrability. Commun. Math. Phys. 177, 203–220 (1996)
Gantmacher, F.R.: The Theory of Matrices. Chelsea, New York (1959)
Gragert, P.K.H.: Symbolic computations in prolongation theory. Ph.D. thesis, Twente University of Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands (1981)
Gürses, M., Karasu, A., Sokolov, V.V.: On construction of recursion operators from Lax representation. J. Math. Phys. 40, 6473–6490 (1999)
Guthrie, G.A.: Recursion operators and non-local symmetries. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 446, 107–114 (1994)
Hubert, E.: Notes on triangular sets and triangulation-decomposition algorithms II: Differential systems. In: Winkler, F., Langer, U. (eds.) Symbolic and Numerical Scientific Computation, Proc. Conf. Hagenberg, Austria, 2001. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2630, pp. 40–87. Springer, Berlin (2003)
Igonin, S.: Coverings and fundamental algebras for partial differential equations. J. Geom. Phys. 56, 939–998 (2006)
Krasil’shchik, I.S.: Some new cohomological invariants for nonlinear differential equations. Differ. Geom. Appl. 2, 307–350 (1992)
Krasil’shchik, I.S., Kersten, P.H.M.: Symmetries and Recursion Operators for Classical and Supersymmetric Differential Equations. Mathematics and its Applications, vol. 507. Kluwer, Dordrecht (2000)
Krasil’shchik, I.S., Vinogradov, A.M.: Nonlocal trends in the geometry of differential equations: symmetries, conservation laws, and Bäcklund transformations. Acta Appl. Math. 15, 161–209 (1989)
Krasil’shchik, I.S., Vinogradov, A.M. (eds.): Symmetries and Conservation Laws for Differential Equations of Mathematical Physics. Transl. Math. Monographs, vol. 182. American Mathematical Society, Providence (1999)
Lax, P.D.: Periodic solutions of the KdV equation. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 28, 141–188 (1975)
Levi, D., Sym, A., Tu, G.-Z.: A working algorithm to isolate integrable surfaces in E 3. Preprint DF INFN 761, Roma, Oct. 10 (1990)
Lou, S.-Y., Tang, X.-Y., Liu, Q.-P., Fukuyama, T.: Second order Lax pairs of nonlinear partial differential equations with Schwarzian forms. Z. Naturforsch. A 57, 737–744 (2002)
Lund, F.: Classically solvable field theory model. Ann. Phys. 115, 251–268 (1978)
Lund, F., Regge, T.: Unified approach to strings and vortices with soliton solutions. Phys. Rev. D 14, 1524–1535 (1976)
Marvan, M.: On zero curvature representations of partial differential equations. In: Differential Geometry and Its Applications, Proc. Conf. Opava, Czechoslovakia, Aug. 24–28, 1992, pp. 103–122. Silesian University, Opava (1993). http://www.emis.de/proceedings/5ICDGA
Marvan, M.: A direct method to compute zero curvature representations. The case sl 2. In: Proc. Conf. Secondary Calculus and Cohomological Physics, Moscow, Russia, Aug. 24–31, 1997. ElibEMS. http://www.emis.de/proceedings/SCCP97
Marvan, M.: On the horizontal gauge cohomology and non-removability of the spectral parameter. Acta Appl. Math. 72, 51–65 (2002)
Marvan, M.: Scalar second order evolution equations possessing an irreducible sl 2-valued zero curvature representation. J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 35, 9431–9439 (2002)
Marvan, M.: Reducibility of zero curvature representations with application to recursion operators. Acta Appl. Math. 83, 39–68 (2004)
Marvan, M.: Recursion operators for vacuum Einstein equations with symmetries. In: Proc. Conf. “Symmetry in Nonlinear Mathematical Physics,” Kyiv, Ukraine, June 23–28, 2003. Proc. Inst. Math. NAS Ukraine 50, Part I, 179–183 (2004)
Marvan, M., Pobořil, M.: Recursion operator for the IGSG equation. Fundam. Prikl. Mat. 12(7), 117–128 (2006) (in Russian). English translation J. Math. Sci. (N.Y.) 151, 3151–3158 (2008)
Marvan, M., Sergyeyev, A.: Recursion operator for the stationary Nizhnik–Veselov–Novikov equation. J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 36, L87–L92 (2003)
Morozov, O.I.: Coverings of differential equations and Cartan’s structure theory of Lie pseudo-groups. Acta Appl. Math. 99, 309–319 (2007)
Olver, P.J.: Evolution equations possessing infinitely many symmetries. J. Math. Phys. 18, 1212–1215 (1977)
Papachristou, C.J.: Lax pair, hidden symmetries, and infinite sequences of conserved currents for self-dual Yang–Mills fields. J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 24, L1051–L1055 (1991)
Rogers, C., Schief, W.K.: Bäcklund and Darboux Transformations. Geometry and Modern Applications in Soliton Theory. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (2002)
Sakovich, S.Y.: On zero-curvature representations of evolution equations. J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 28, 2861–2869 (1995)
Sakovich, S.Y.: Cyclic bases of zero-curvature representations: five illustrations to one concept. Acta Appl. Math. 83, 69–83 (2004)
Sasaki, R.: Soliton equations and pseudospherical surfaces. Nucl. Phys. B 154, 343–357 (1979)
Sebestyén, P.: Normal forms of irreducible sl 3-valued zero curvature representations. Rep. Math. Phys. 55, 435–445 (2005)
Sebestyén, P.: On normal forms of irreducible \(\mathfrak{sl}_{n}\) -valued zero curvature representations. Rep. Math. Phys. 62, 57–68 (2008)
Sergyeyev, A.: A strange recursion operator demystified. J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 38, L257–L262 (2005)
Wahlquist, H.D., Estabrook, F.B.: Prolongation structures of nonlinear evolution equations I, II. J. Math. Phys. 16, 1–7 (1975); 17, 1293–1297 (1976)
Sym, A.: Soliton surfaces and their applications. In: Martini, R. (ed.) Geometric Aspects of the Einstein Equations and Integrable Systems, Proc. Conf. Scheveningen, The Netherlands, August 26–31, 1984. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 239, pp. 154–231. Springer, Berlin (1985)
Zakharov, V.E., Shabat, A.B.: Integrirovanie nelinejnykh uravnenij matematicheskoj fiziki metodom obratnoj zadachi rasseyaniya. II. Funkc. Anal. Prilozh. 13(3), 13–22 (1979)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Marvan, M. On the Spectral Parameter Problem. Acta Appl Math 109, 239–255 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10440-009-9450-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10440-009-9450-4