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Autonomic changes in young smokers: acute effects of inspiratory exercise

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Abstract

Purpose

One of the most important consequences of smoking is the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, little is known about the early consequences of smoking and the acute effects of a single inspiratory muscle exercise session (IME). We evaluated the acute effects of an IME on cardiac parameters of young smokers.

Methods

Twelve nonsmokers (C) and fifteen smokers [S; 2.08 (1.0–3.2) pack-years] underwent an acute IME. We evaluated blood pressure (BP) and lactate, and we recorded RR interval for posterior analysis of heart rate variability (HRV), before and after IME.

Results

At baseline, systolic BP and HRV parameters in time and frequency domains were changed in S group in comparison with the C. Following IME, S group reduced systolic BP (−8 %), low frequency band (LF) (−21.4 %), LF/high frequency (HF) (−57 %), as well as increased RR variance (+105 %) and HF band.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that a single session of inspiratory muscle exercise was able to both reduce systolic BP and improve parasympathetic and sympathetic modulations in young smokers. The results of the current study highlight the importance of furthering research on this area to better elucidate the acute and chronic effects of inspiratory muscle training on early cardiovascular and pulmonary changes of cigarette smoking.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Alex Rocha and Larissa Ribeiro for technical support.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Human Movement Laboratory, São Judas Tadeu University, Av. Taquari, 546, São Paulo, SP, 03166-000, Brazil

    Fernando Rodrigues, Amanda Aparecida Araujo, Michelle Cristina de Barros Silva & Bruno Rodrigues

  2. Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Cristiano Teixeira Mostarda, Janaina Ferreira, Ademir Manoel Nascimento & Maria Cláudia Irigoyen

  3. Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Fabio Santos Lira

  4. Translational Physiology Laboratory, Nove de Julho University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Kátia De Angelis

Authors
  1. Fernando Rodrigues
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  2. Amanda Aparecida Araujo
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  3. Cristiano Teixeira Mostarda
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  4. Janaina Ferreira
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  5. Michelle Cristina de Barros Silva
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  6. Ademir Manoel Nascimento
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  7. Fabio Santos Lira
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  8. Kátia De Angelis
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  9. Maria Cláudia Irigoyen
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  10. Bruno Rodrigues
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bruno Rodrigues.

Additional information

F. Rodrigues and A. A. Araujo have contributed equally to this work.

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Rodrigues, F., Araujo, A.A., Mostarda, C.T. et al. Autonomic changes in young smokers: acute effects of inspiratory exercise. Clin Auton Res 23, 201–207 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-013-0202-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10286-013-0202-1

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