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Nature et signification des microparticules dans le sepsis

The nature and significance of microparticles in sepsis

  • Enseignement Supérieur en Réanimation Fondamental
  • Published:
Réanimation

Résumé

Le choc septique est caractérisé par une intense activation cellulaire inflammatoire, à l’origine d’un remodelage de la membrane aboutissant à la libération de microparticules. Les microparticules constituent une réserve de bioeffecteurs qui modulent de nombreuses fonctions vasculaires. Au cours du choc septique, l’interaction hôte-pathogène peut être responsable de la génération de microparticules procoagulantes d’origine endothéliale, plaquettaire, érythrocytaire ou granulocytaire, susceptibles d’activer la réponse inflammatoire, l’apoptose cellulaire et la coagulation. Certaines microparticules pourraient promouvoir l’importante dysfonction vasculaire observée au cours du choc septique, participer à la modulation du statut oxydant ou encore, participer à la génération d’un état de coagulopathie disséminée. Ce travail constitue une mise au point sur les dernières connaissances accumulées sur les propriétés biologiques des microparticules pour tenter d’identifier leur implication dans le choc septique, comme marqueur biologique ou cible thérapeutique potentielle.

Abstract

Septic shock is characterized by an increased inflammatory process and cell activation, inducing membrane remodeling and microparticles release. These microparticles represent a pool of bioactive effectors that modulate several vascular functions. During sepsis, host-pathogen interaction leads to the generation of endothelium-, platelet-, erythrocyteand granulocyte-derived procoagulant microparticles, which could promote cellular inflammatory response, apoptosis and activate coagulation. Microparticles may also potentially participate in the arterial dysfunction characterizing septic shock, tune the oxidative status and induce procoagulant state. This review focuses on the latest knowledge accumulated on the biological properties of microparticles in order to identify their involvement in sepsis or septic shock, as a biological marker or potential therapeutic target.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Service de réanimation médicale, nouvel hôpital civil, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, 1, place de l’Hôpital, F-67091, Strasbourg cedex, France

    J. Boisramé-Helms, X. Delabranche & F. Meziani

  2. UMR 7213 CNRS, Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France

    J. Boisramé-Helms, X. Delabranche, F. Toti & F. Meziani

  3. Institut d’hématologie et d’immunologie, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine, Strasbourg, France

    F. Toti

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  1. J. Boisramé-Helms
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  2. X. Delabranche
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  3. F. Toti
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  4. F. Meziani
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Correspondence to F. Meziani.

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Cet article correspond à la conférence faite par l’auteur au congrès de la SRLF 2013 dans la session: Voies de recherche dans le sepsis.

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Boisramé-Helms, J., Delabranche, X., Toti, F. et al. Nature et signification des microparticules dans le sepsis. Réanimation 22 (Suppl 2), 343–351 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13546-012-0537-y

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