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Genome-wide screening reveals the emergence and divergence of RTK homologues in basal Metazoan Hydra magnipapillata

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Abstract

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are key components of cell–cell signalling required for growth and development of multicellular organisms. It is therefore likely that the divergence of RTKs and associated components played a significant role in the evolution of multicellular organisms. We have carried out the present study in hydra, a diploblast, to investigate the divergence of RTKs after parazoa and before emergence of triploblast phyla. The domain-based screening using Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) for RTKs in Genomescan predicted gene models of the Hydra magnipapillata genome resulted in identification of 15 RTKs. These RTKs have been classified into eight families based on domain architecture and homology. Only 5 of these RTKs have been previously reported and a few of these have been partially characterized. A phylogeny-based analysis of these predicted RTKs revealed that seven subtype duplications occurred between ‘parazoan–eumetazoan split’ and ‘diploblast–triploblast split’ in animal phyla. These results suggest that most of the RTKs evolved before the radiata–bilateria divergence during animal evolution.

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Abbreviations

CA:

Celera Assembler

ECD:

extracellular domain

DDR:

discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase

FGFR:

fibroblast growth factor receptor

HMMs:

Hidden Markov Models

JTT:

Jones–Taylor–Thornton

ME:

minimum evolution

MuSK:

muscle-specific kinase

PCR:

polymerase chain reaction

Ror:

receptor tyrosine kinase–like orphan receptor

RP:

Ringer-Phrap

RTKs:

receptor tyrosine kinases

RyK:

Wnt inhibitory receptor tyrosine kinase

TK:

tyrosine kinase

TM:

transmembrane

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Prof Thomas Bosch and Dr Georg Hemmrich from Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany, for discussions and comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. PCR acknowledges financial support (Senior Research Fellowship, National Eligibility Test) from University Grants Commission, New Delhi. This work was funded by Department of Biotechnology, India, through Centre of Excellence in Epigenetics and by Agharkar Research Institute, India.

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  1. Salil S Bidaye

    Present address: Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, 1030, Austria

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  1. Division of Animal Sciences, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, 411 004, India

    PC Reddy, Salil S Bidaye & Surendra Ghaskadbi

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  1. PC Reddy
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  2. Salil S Bidaye
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Correspondence to Surendra Ghaskadbi.

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Corresponding editor: Tristram Wyatt

[Reddy PC, Bidaye SS and Ghaskadbi S 2011 Genome-wide screening reveals the emergence and divergence of RTK homologues in basal Metazoan Hydra magnipapillata. J. Biosci. 36 289–296] DOI 10.1007/s12038-011-9065-6

Supplementary materials pertaining to this article are available on the Journal of Biosciences Website at http://www.ias.ac.in/jbrosci/Jun2011/pp289-296/suppl.pdf

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Reddy, P., Bidaye, S.S. & Ghaskadbi, S. Genome-wide screening reveals the emergence and divergence of RTK homologues in basal Metazoan Hydra magnipapillata . J Biosci 36, 289–296 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-011-9065-6

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