Abstract
We are particularly interested in looking at teaching and learning from students’ perspectives. Focussed interviews and written responses from a number of linked investigations with middle-school and tertiary students highlighted that students perceive discussion to be a valuable teaching -- learning technique. This paper provides text extracts, organised into six key themes, to illustrate students’ understandings about how discussion helps them to learn. We conclude that, across the whole participant group, knowledge about the various potentials of discussion for learning is wide ranging. However, at the individual level, some students’ perspectives appear limited. We propose that specific attention to enhancing students’ pedagogical knowledge about techniques such as discussion should accompany subject matter instruction.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
L.M. Anderson (1981) ArticleTitleShort-term responses to classroom instruction The Elementary School Journal 82 97–108
J.R. Anderson (2000) Cognitive psychology and its implications W.H. Freeman San Francisco
D.L. Ball (1997) What do students know? Facing challenges of distance, context and desire in trying to hear children B.J. Biddle T.L. Good I. Goodson (Eds) International handbook of teachers and teaching (Vol. 2) Kluwer Dordrecht 716–718
Ball, D.L. & Bass, H. (2000). Making believe: The collective construction of public mathematical knowledge in the elementary classroom. In D.C. Phillips (Ed.), Constructivism in education: Opinions and second opinions on controversial issues (Vol. 1). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 193–224.
D.L. Ball M. Lampert (1999) Multiples of evidence, time and perspective E.C. Lagemann L.S. Shulman (Eds) Issues in education research: Problems and possibilities Jossey-Bass San Francisco 371–398
J.A. Baxter J. Woodward D. Olson (2001) ArticleTitleEffects of reform-based mathematics instruction on low achievers in five third-grade classrooms The Elementary School Journal 101 529–549
P.C. Blumenfeld R.W. Marx H. Patrick J. Krajcik E. Soloway (1997) Teaching for understanding B.J. Biddle T.L. Good I. Goodson (Eds) International handbook of teachers and teaching (Vol 2) Kluwer Dordrecht 819–878
A.L. Brown J.C. Campione (1996) Guided discovery in a community of learners K. McGilly (Eds) Classroom lessons: Integrating cognitive theory and classroom practice MIT Press Cambridge, MA 229–270
A.L. Brown A.S. Palinscar (1989) Guided cooperative learning and individual knowledge acquisition L.B. Resnick (Eds) Knowing, learning, and instruction: Essays in honor of Robert Glaser Erlbaum Hillsdale, NJ 393–451
J.S. Brown P. Duguid (1993) ArticleTitleStolen knowledge Educational Technology 33 IssueID3 10–15
J.T. Bruer (1996) Classroom problems, school culture and cognitive research K. McGilly (Eds) Classroom lessons: Integrating cognitive theory and classroom practice MIT Press Cambridge, MA 273–290
Butler, D.L. (1998). In search of the architect of learning: A commentary on scaffolding as a metaphor for instructional interactions. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31. Retrieved on June 20th, 2000 from http://www.elibrary.com
Cazden, C.B. (1986). Classroom discourse. In M.C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (3rd ed.) New York: Macmillan, pp. 432–463.
Cobb, P. (2001). Supporting the improvement of learning and teaching in social and institutional context. In S.M. Carver & D. Klahr (Eds.), Cognition and instruction: Twenty five years of progress. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 455–478.
Collins, A., Brown, J.S. & Newman, S.E. (1989). Cognitive apprenticeship. Teaching the crafts of reading, writing and mathematics. In L.B. Resnick (Ed.), Knowing, learning and instruction: Essays in honor of Robert Glaser Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 453–494.
P. Cooper D. McIntyre (1995) ArticleTitleThe crafts of the classroom: Teachers’ and students’ accounts of the knowledge underpinning effective teaching and learning in classrooms Research Papers in Education 10 IssueID2 181–216
P. Cooper D. McIntyre (1996) Effective teaching and learning: Teachers’ and students’ perspectives. Open University Press Buckingham, UK
Cusworth, R.A. (1995). The framing of educational knowledge through ‘‘Show-and-Tell’’ in elementary classrooms. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 383 447), April.
C. Day (1999) Developing teachers: The challenges of lifelong learning. Falmer Press Philadelphia, PA
J.T. Dillon (1994) Using discussion in classrooms Open University Press Buckingham
E.C. Doster D.F. Jackson D.W. Smith (1997) ArticleTitleModelling pedagogical content knowledge in physical science for prospective middle school teachers: Problems and possibilities Teacher Education Quarterly Fall 51–65
Evensen, D.H. (2000). Observing self-directed learners in a problem-based learning context: Two case studies. In D.H. Evensen & C.E. Hmelo (Eds.), Problem-based learning: A research perspective on learning interactions Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 263–297.
D.H. Evensen J.D. Salisbury-Glennon J. Glenn (2001) ArticleTitleA qualitative study of six medical students in a problem-based curriculum: Toward a situated model of self-regulation Journal of Educational Psychology 93 659–676
B.J. Fraser (1991) Two decades of classroom environment research B.J. Fraser H.J. Walberg (Eds) Educational environments: Evaluation, antecedents and consequences Pergamon Oxford, England 3–27
Fraser, B.J. (1995). Student perceptions of classrooms. In L.W. Anderson (Ed.), International encyclopedia of teaching and teacher education Tarrytown, NY: Pergamon, pp. 416–419.
P.S. Freyberg (1980) ArticleTitleTeacher intentions and teaching decisions Educational Theory 30 39–45
D.R. Garrison W. Archer (2000) A transactional perspective on teaching and learning: A framework for adult and higher education. Pergamon Oxford, UK
J. Gore (2001) ArticleTitleBeyond our differences: A reassembling of what matters in teacher education Journal of Teacher Education 52 124–135
Gore, J.M., Griffiths, T., & Ladwig, J.G. (2001). Productive pedagogy as a framework for teacher education: Towards better teaching. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Australian Association for Research in Education, Fremantle, Western Australia, December.
J.A. Hollander (2002) ArticleTitleLearning to discuss: Strategies for improving the quality of class discussion Teaching Sociology 30 317–327
B. Jaworski (1994) Investigating mathematics teaching: A constructivist enquiry Falmer Press London
Karabenick, S.A. (1998). Help seeking as a strategic resource. In S.A. Karabenick (Ed.), Strategic help seeking: Implications for learning and teaching Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, pp. 1–11.
M. Lampert (1990) ArticleTitleWhen the problem is not the question and the solution is not the answer: Mathematical knowing and teaching American Educational Research Journal 27 29–63
B. Larson (2000) ArticleTitleInfluences on social studies teachers’ use of classroom discussion The Clearing House 73 IssueID3 174–181
G. Leinhardt R.T. Putnam (1987) ArticleTitleThe skill of learning from classroom lessons American Educational Research Journal 24 557–587
R.W. Marx D.C. Howard P.H. Winne (1987) ArticleTitleStudents’ perception of instruction, cognitive style, and achievement Perceptual and Motor Skills 65 123–134
D.W. Meier (1995) The power of their ideas: Lessons for America from a small school in Harlem Beacon Press Boston
M.B. Miles A.M. Huberman (1994) Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook Sage Thousand Oaks
Miller, S. (1990). Critical thinking in classroom discussion of texts: An ethnographic perspective. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Boston, MA, April.
C. Morgan G. Morris (1999) Good teaching and learning: Pupils and teachers speak. Open University Press Buckingham, UK
B. Morgan-Fleming W. Doyle (1997) ArticleTitleChildren’s interpretation of curriculum events Teaching and Teacher Education 13 499–511
Munby, H., Russell, T. & Martin, A.K. (2001). Teachers’ knowledge and how it develops. In V. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (4th ed.) Washington, D.C.: American Educational Research Association, pp. 877–904.
G. Nuthall (1997) Understanding student thinking and learning in the classroom B.J. Biddle T.L. Good I. Goodson (Eds) International handbook of teachers and teaching (Vol 2) Kluwer Dordrecht 681–768
G. Nuthall (2000a) ArticleTitleThe anatomy of memory in the classroom: Understanding how students acquire memory processes from classroom activities in science and social studies units American Educational Research Journal, 37 247–304
G. Nuthall (2000b) ArticleTitleThe role of memory in the acquisition and retention of knowledge in science and social studies units Cognition and Instruction 18 83–139
A.S. Palinscar (1998) ArticleTitleSocial constructivist perspectives on teaching and learning Annual Review of Psychology 49 345–375
P.L. Peterson S.R. Swing (1982) ArticleTitleBeyond time on task: Students’ reports of their thought processes during classroom instruction The Elementary School Journal 82 481–491
C. Pontecorvo (1987) Discussing for reasoning: The role of argument in knowledge construction E.D. Corte H. Lodewijks R. Parmienter P. Span (Eds) Learning and instruction: A publication of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction (Vol 1) Leuven University Press Leuven, Belgium 72–82
C. Pontecorvo H. Girardet (1993) ArticleTitleArguing and reasoning in understanding historical topics Cognition and Instruction 11 365–395
R.S. Prawat (1997) ArticleTitleProblematizing Dewey’s views of problem solving: A reply to Hiebert et al Educational Researcher 26 IssueID2 19–21
L.B. Resnick M. Salmon C.M. Zeitz S.H. Wathen M. Holowchak (1993) ArticleTitleReasoning in conversation Cognition and Instruction 11 347–364
M. Rohrkemper (1985) ArticleTitleIndividual differences in students’ perceptions of routine classroom events Journal of Educational Psychology 77 29–44
J. Rudduck J. Day G. Wallace (1997) Students’ perspectives on school improvement A. Hargreaves (Eds) Rethinking educational change with heart and mind ASCD Alexandria, VA 73–91
D.H. Schunk (1995) ArticleTitleInherent details of self-regulated learning include student perceptions Educational Psychologist 30 213–216
L.S. Shulman (2000) ArticleTitleTeacher development: Roles of domain expertise and pedagogical knowledge Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 21 129–135
L. Splitter A.M. Sharp (1995) Teaching for better thinking: The classroom community of inquiry. Australian Council for Educational Research Camberwell, Vic.
Sprod, T. (1994). Developing higher order thinking through whole class discussion in a science classroom. Unpublished Master of Science Thesis, University of Oxford.
T. Sprod (1997) ArticleTitle‘‘Nobody really knows’’: The structure and analysis of social constructivist whole class discussions International Journal of Science Education 19 911–924
M. Styles J. Beck (2000) ArticleTitleThe curriculum of the future Cambridge Journal of Education 30 5–15
R. Tasker R. Osborne (1983) ArticleTitlePortraying pupils’ classroom experiences Research in Science & Technological Education 1 133–144
K. Tobin D.J. Tippins A.J. Gallard (1994) Research on instructional strategies for teaching science D.L. Gabel (Eds) Handbook of research on science teaching and learning Macmillan New York 45–93
L.S. Vygotsky (1978) Mind in society. Harvard University Press Cambridge, MA
R.T. White R.F. Gunstone (1989) ArticleTitleMetalearning and conceptual change International Journal of Science Education 11 577–586
P.H. Winne (1985) ArticleTitleSteps toward promoting cognitive achievements The Elementary School Journal 85 673–693
P.H. Winne (1987) ArticleTitleWhy process-product research cannot explain process-product findings and a proposed remedy: The cognitive mediational paradigm Teaching and Teacher Education 3 333–356
P.H. Winne D.L. Butler (1994) Student cognitive processing and learning T. Husen T.N. Postelthwaite (Eds) The international encyclopedia of education EditionNumber2 Pergamon Oxford, UK 5739–5745
P.H. Winne R.W. Marx (1977) ArticleTitleReconceptualising research on teaching Journal of Educational Psychology 69 668–678
P.H. Winne R.W. Marx (1980) ArticleTitleMatching students’ cognitive responses to teaching skills Journal of Educational Psychology 78 257–264
P.H. Winne R.W. Marx (1982) ArticleTitleStudents’ and teachers’ views of thinking processes for classroom learning The Elementary School Journal 82 493–518
S. Wortham (2001) ArticleTitleInteractionally situated cognition: A classroom example Cognitive Science 25 37–66
B.J. Zimmerman (1990) ArticleTitleSelf-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview Educational Psychologist 25 3–17
B.J. Zimmerman (2002) ArticleTitleBecoming a self-regulated learner Theory Into Practice 41 65–70
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Askell-Williams, H., Lawson, M.J. Students’ knowledge about the value of discussions for teaching and learning. Soc Psychol Educ 8, 83–115 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-004-5489-2
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-004-5489-2