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Seasonal temperatures for the past ∼400 years reconstructed from diatom and chironomid assemblages in a high-altitude lake (Lej da la Tscheppa, Switzerland)

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Abstract

We analysed a 42 cm long sediment record from Lej da la Tscheppa, a high-altitude lake (2,616 m a.s.l.) in the Upper Engadine valley (Switzerland) for subfossil diatoms, chironomids and pollen. The chronology of the top 21 cm of the record was established using 210Pb analysis using a constant-rate-of-supply model, and validated with 137Cs measurements and the content of spheroidal carbonaceous particles. A tentative chronology for the lower part of the core was obtained through extrapolation of the sedimentation rates in the uppermost part of the record. Pollen assemblages in the record reflect regional changes in forestation and land-use patterns in the Upper Engadine valley and show no evidence of significant local human activity in the lake’s catchment. Diatom assemblages record a distinct increase in planktonic taxa since the early 19th century, suggesting a decrease in the duration of ice-cover. In contrast, chironomid assemblages remained stable during a large part of the record. We applied an established chironomid-based July air temperature transfer function and a newly developed diatom-based spring air temperature transfer function to reconstruct past seasonal air temperature changes at Lej da la Tscheppa. The reconstructions indicate a diatom-inferred warming trend in spring temperatures during the past ca. 400 years, whereas chironomid-inferred summer temperatures suggest a slight cooling trend. These biota-based reconstructions are in good agreement with the centennial-scale temperature trend in an independent reconstruction of regional temperatures in the Upper Engadine region based on instrumental records and documentary proxy evidence from the Alps. Our results suggest that, in high-altitude lakes, independent chironomid- and diatom-based seasonal temperature reconstruction is possible and can be successfully used to track seasonal temperature trends.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank B. Ammann, A. Blass, E. Gobet and W. Tinner for helpful advice and discussions during the preparation of this manuscript, and F. Oberli and F. Verbruggen for assistance in sample preparation. This project was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation through the NCCR Climate program, by the SNF-project ENLARGE (grant no. 200021-103892/1) and by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)/Aard- en Levenswetenschappen (ALW) grant no. 813.02.006. This is Netherlands Research School of Sedimentary Geology (NSG) publication no. 2007.03.03. C. Casty was supported by the European Commission under the Fifth Framework Programme Contract Nr. EVR1-2002-000413, project PACLIVA.

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  1. Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Hallerstrasse 12, 3012, Bern, Switzerland

    Lucien von Gunten

  2. Palaeoecology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Oliver Heiri & André F. Lotter

  3. NCCR Climate, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, Switzerland

    Christian Bigler

  4. Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, KBC plan 5, Umea, 901 87, Sweden

    Christian Bigler

  5. Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern, 3013, Switzerland

    Lucien von Gunten & Jacqueline van Leeuwen

  6. Climate and Environmental Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, Bern, 3012, Switzerland

    Carlo Casty

  7. Department of Surface Waters (SURF), Swiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (EAWAG), Dubendorf, 8600, Switzerland

    Michael Sturm

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  1. Lucien von Gunten
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Correspondence to Lucien von Gunten.

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von Gunten, L., Heiri, O., Bigler, C. et al. Seasonal temperatures for the past ∼400 years reconstructed from diatom and chironomid assemblages in a high-altitude lake (Lej da la Tscheppa, Switzerland). J Paleolimnol 39, 283–299 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-007-9103-4

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