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Two-stage treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty: two to thirteen year experience using an articulating preformed spacer

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Abstract

Purpose

Infection following knee replacement is an important cause of failure despite rigorous prophylaxis antibiotic protocols. The two-stage reimplantation procedure is considered the gold standard for treatment of subacute and chronic deep periprosthetic infections. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not a preformed articulated spacer would allow comparable eradication of infection equal to rates reported in published studies and to see whether there is a resulting improvement in postoperative function with an acceptable quality of life, reducing postoperative pain and limiting surgical complications, thus simplifying the second stage of the procedure.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 50 patients with infected TKA who underwent a two-stage exchange arthroplasty using an articulating preformed spacer. The device, designed like an ultracongruent condylar knee prosthesis, is composed of acrylic cement impregnated with antibiotic, with tested and standardised mechanical properties and antibiotic content and release mechanism.

Results

The median follow-up period was seven (two to 13) years. Two-stage exchange arthroplasty was successful in controlling the infection in 92 % of patients; 64% of patients where women, and median patient age was 68 (54–80) years. Median implantation time of the preformed spacer was 16 (four to 60) weeks; 4 % of infections were delayed, and 96 % were late. Forty-six percent were caused by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS). Mean Knee Society Score (KSS) was 35.38 (clinical) and 37.96 (function) on presentation; it improved to a mean of 72.92 (clinical) and 76.04 (function) after the first stage and to a mean of 75.38 (clinical) and 80.58 (function) at the final review. Bone loss was unchanged between stages, and range of motion remained unchanged or improved after definitive reimplantation.

Conclusion

The use of preformed articulated knee spacer during a two stage technique for infected TKA improves patient QOL between stages and increases patient compliance and cooperation, reducing social costs.

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Acknowledgement

We thank the entire team in this study, especially C.Farina, A.Raglio and A. Grigis, Department of Microbiology; S. Buoro, Department of Clinical Biochemistry laboratory, G. Virotta, Department of Nuclear Medicine, G. Gregis, Departement of Infectious Diseases; Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXII Bergamo, Italy; A. Remuzzi, Engineering, Mario Negri Institute, Italy; G. Calonego, Tecres, Italy

Conflict of interest

No benefits in any form have been received or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article.

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  1. Departments of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII via OMS1, Bergamo, 24100, Italy

    Claudio Carlo Castelli, Valerio Gotti & Roberto Ferrari

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  1. Claudio Carlo Castelli
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  2. Valerio Gotti
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  3. Roberto Ferrari
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Correspondence to Roberto Ferrari.

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Castelli, C.C., Gotti, V. & Ferrari, R. Two-stage treatment of infected total knee arthroplasty: two to thirteen year experience using an articulating preformed spacer. International Orthopaedics (SICOT) 38, 405–412 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-013-2241-6

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