Abstract
The diversity and distribution of leaf mining insects developing on birches (Betula spp.) in Siberia were reviewed based on published records and our observations. Analysis of the literature revealed 52 species of leaf miners recorded as feeding on different Betula species in Siberia. Among them, three species were listed under different names and six species were erroneously recorded as birch consumers. Thus, the revised list of birch leaf miners contains 44 species. Five moth and four sawfly species are mentioned in the literature as pests of Betula. Four sawflies are known to be invasive in North America. Our collections comprised 25 species, including the micro-moth Stigmella continuella (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae), a new species for Siberia found in Novosibirsk. Immature stages of 15 species were identified using DNA barcoding. Twenty species were recorded from several regions of Siberia for the first time. The dominant group is Lepidoptera (31 species), followed by Coleoptera (7), Hymenoptera (5), and Diptera (1). Two-thirds of all the known leaf miners develop exclusively on birches; the remaining species also colonize alders (Alnus, Betulaceae), some Rosaceae, Salicaceae, and Ulmaceae. In our observations, the majority of insects (96%) developed on B. pendula. About half of them were also observed on the East Asian birches B. dahurica, B. divaricata, B. costata, B. ermanii, and B. gmelinii; five species were found on the North American birches B. occidentalis and B. papyrifera. All the leaf mining species listed in our paper for Siberia also occur in Europe. The similarity between the miner faunas of these regions is discussed and it is warned about possible errors in diagnostics of the Siberian species using the keys and catalogues for the European fauna. The importance of DNA barcoding in the study of the local insect faunas of poorly explored regions is also emphasized.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bakulin, V.T., Banaev, E.V., Vstovskaya, T.N., Kiseleva, T.I., Koropachinsky, I.Yu., Lapteva, N.P., Loskutov, R.I., Lyakh, E.N., Potemkin, O.N., and Chindyaeva, L.N., Woody Plants Used for Landscaping in Novosibirsk (Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 2008) [in Russian].
Barannik, A.P., Insects of Green Plantings in Industrial Cities of Kemerovo Province (Kemerovo State University, Kemerovo, 1981) [in Russian].
Baryshnikova, S., “Recent Faunistic and Taxonomic Studies of Mining Moths from the Bucculatricidae and Gracillariidae Families (Lepidoptera) in Russia,” in Selected Abstracts and Papers of the First Baltic International Conference on Field Entomology and Faunistics, Ed. by J.R. Stonis, S.R. Hill, A. Diškus, and T. Auškalnis (Edukologija Publishers, Vilnius, 2014), pp. 23–29.
Belov, D.A., “The Role of Dendrophilous Arthropods in Urban Ecosystems,” Lesnoi Vestnik 6 (98), 31–39 (2013).
Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia, Ed. by S.Yu. Sinev (KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, 2008) [in Russian].
De Prins, J. and De Prins, W., Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) (2015). http://www.gracillariidae.net (accessed 15.10.2015).
Dedyukhin, S.V., Weevils (Coleoptera, Curculionoidea) of Vyatka-Kama Interfluve: Fauna, Distribution, Ecology: A Monograph (Udmurt University, Izhevsk, 2012) [in Russian].
Digweed, S.C., MacQuarrie, C.J.K., Langor, D.W., Williams, D.J.M., Spence, J.R., Nystrom, K.L., and Morneau, L., “Current Status of Invasive Alien Birch-Leafmining Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) in Canada, with Keys to Species,” The Canadian Entomologist 141 (3), 201–235 (2009).
Doorenweerd, C. and Beentjes, K., Extensive Guidelines for Preserving Specimen or Tissue for Later DNA Work (Naturalis, The Netherlands, 2012). http://science.naturalis.nl/media/323024/preservingdna.pdf.
Dovnar-Zapolsky, D.P. and Tomilova, V.N., “Mining Insects of Siberia and Adjoining Territories,” in Insects of East Siberia (Irkutsk State University, Irkutsk, 1978), pp. 20–51 [in Russian].
Edmunds, R., British Leafminers (2015). http://www.leafmines.co.uk/index.htm (accessed 15.10.2015).
Ellis, W.N., Bladmineerders van Europa (Leafminers of Europe) (2015). http://www.bladmineerders.nl/index. htm (accessed 1.10.2015).
Fauna Europaea (2015). http://www.faunaeur.org/ (accessed 1.10.2015).
Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R., and Vrijenhoek, R., “DNA Primers for Amplification of Mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I from Diverse Metazoan Invertebrates,” Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology 3, 294–299 (1998).
Forest Pests, Ed. by A.A. Stackelberg (USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 1955) [in Russian].
Gershenzon, Z.S., “Family Yponomeutidae: Ermine Moths,” in Key to Insects of the European Part of the USSR. Lepidoptera, Vol. 4 (2), Ed. by G.S. Medvedev (Nauka, Leningrad, 1981), pp. 331–347 [in Russian].
Gregor, F. and Patocka, J., “Die Puppen der mitteleuropaischen Lithocolletinae,” Mitteilungen des Internationalen Entomologischen Vereins Supplement 8, 1–186 (2001).
Gusev, V.I., Key to Injuries to Forest, Ornamental, and Fruit Trees and Shrubs (Lesnaya Promyshlennost, Moscow, 1984) [in Russian].
Hebert, P.D.N., DeWaard, J.R., and Landry, J.F., “DNA Barcodes for 1/1000 of the Animal Kingdom,” Biology Letters 6, 359–362 (2010).
Hering, E.M., Bestimmungstabellen der Blattminen von Europa: einschliesslich des Mittelmeerbeckens und der Kanarischen Inseln. Band V, 1–3 (Dr. W. Junk, Gravenhage, 1957).
Hering, M.E., Biology of the Leaf Miners (W. Junk, Gravenhage, 1951).
Ilyinsky, A.I., Keys to Forest Pests (Selkhozizdat, Moscow, 1962) [in Russian].
Insects and Acarines Damaging Agricultural Crops, Vol. 3: Lepidoptera, Ed. by V.I. Kuznetsov (Nauka, St. Petersburg, 1999).
Ivanova, N.V., Dewaard, J.R., and Hebert, P.D.N., “An Inexpensive, Automation-Friendly Protocol for Recovering High-Quality DNA,” Molecular Ecology Notes 6, 998–1002 (2006).
Key to Insects of the European Part of the USSR. Lepidopterans, Vol. 4 (1–2), Ed. by G.S. Medvedev (Nauka, Leningrad, 1978) [in Russian].
Key to Insects of the Russian Far East, Vol. 5, Part 1: Trichoptera and Lepidoptera, Ed. by P.A. Lehr (Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 1997) [in Russian].
Kirichenko, N.I., “Methodological Approaches to the Study of Insects Mining Leaves of Woody Plants,” Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskoi Lesotekhnicheskoi Akademii 207, 235–246 (2014).
Kirichenko, N.I., Augustin, S., Roques, A., van Nieukerken, E.J., Doorenweerd, C., and Lopez-Vaamonde, C., “Development of DNA Barcoding Reference Library for Fast and Accurate Identification of Immature Stages of Potential Forest Insect Pests. North Asian Leafminers as an Example,” in Proceedings of the All-Russian Conference “Forest Ecosystems of the Boreal Zone: Geography, Structure, Function and Dynamics” (Krasnoyarsk, 2014), pp. 632–634.
Kirichenko, N., Huemer, P., Deutsch, H., Triberti, P., Rougerie, R., and Lopez-Vaamonde, C., “Integrative Taxonomy Reveals a New Species of Callisto (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) in the Alps,” ZooKeys 473, 157–179 (2015).
Kirichenko, N., Triberti, P., Mutanen, M., Magnoux, E., Landry, J.-F., and Lopez-Vaamonde, C., “Systematics and Biology of Some Species of Micrurapteryx Spuler (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) from the Holarctic Region, with Re-Description of M. caraganella (Hering) from Siberia,” ZooKeys 579, 99–156 (2016).
Korchagina, I.A., “Family Betulaceae,” in The Life of Plants. Flowering Plants, Vol. 5, Part 1, Ed. by A.L. Takhtajan (Prosveshchenie, Moscow, 1980), pp. 311–324 [in Russian].
Koropachinsky, I.Yu. and Vstovskaya, T.N., Woody Plants of Asian Russia (Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 2012) [in Russian].
Koštál, M. and Caldara, R., “Taxonomic and Nomenclatural Notes on Orchestes testaceus (Müller) and O. calceatus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae),” Koleopterologische Rundschau. Wien 83, 185–191 (2013).
Krivets, S.A., “Review of Weevils (Coleoptera: Brentidae, Dryophthoridae et Curculionidae) of Tomsk Province,” Trudy Russkogo Entomologicheskogo Obshchestva 78, 48–83 (2007).
Kuznetsov, V.I., “Family Gracillariidae,” in Key to Insects of the European Part of the USSR. Lepidoptera, Vol. 4 (2), Ed. by G.S. Medvedev (Nauka, Leningrad, 1981), pp. 149–311 [in Russian].
Kuznetsov, V.I. and Baryshnikova, S.V., Brief Catalogue of Miner Moths of the Family Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera) of the Fauna of Russia and Adjoining Countries (St. Petersburg, 1998) [in Russian].
Kuznetsov, V.I. and Baryshnikova, S.V., “Brief Review of Mining Moths of the Genus Parornix Spuler, 1910 (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae) of the Palaearctic Fauna,” Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 82 (1), 116–137 (2003).
Legalov, A.A., “Annotated List of Species of Superfamily Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) from the Asian Part of Russia,” Amurskii Zoologicheskii Zhurnal 2 (2), 93–132 (2010).
Leppänen, S., Altenhofer, E., Liston, A.D., and Nyman, T., “Phylogenetics and Evolution of Host-Plant Use in Leaf-Mining Sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Heterarthrinae),” Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 64, 331–341 (2012).
Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Agassiz, D., Augustin, S., De Prins, J., De Prins, W., Gomboc, S., Ivinskis, P., Karsholt, O., Koutroumpas, A., Koutroumpa, F., Laštuvka, Z., Marabuto, E., Olivella, E., Przybylowicz, L., Roques, A., Ryrholm, N., Šefrová, H., Šima, P., Sims, I., Sinev, S., Skulev, B., Tomov, R., Zilli, A., and Lees, D., “Lepidoptera,” BioRisk Biodiversity and Ecosystem Risk Assessment 4 (2), 603–668 (2010).
Magurran, A.E., Measuring Biological Diversity (Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, 2004).
Mutanen, M., Kaila, L., and Tabell, J., “Wide-Ranging Barcoding Aids Discovery of One-Third Increase of Species Richness in Presumably Well-Investigated Moths,” Scientific Reports 3, 2901 (2013), doi:10.1038/srep02901.
Proctor, J.T.A., Bodnar, J.M., Blackburn, W.J., and Watson, R.L., “Analysis of the Effects of the Spotted Tentiform Leaf Miner (Phyllonorycter blancardella) on the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Apple Leaves,” The Canadian Journal of Botany 60, 2734–2740 (1982).
Raimondo, F., Ghirardelli, L.A., Nardini, A., and Salleo, S., “Impact of the Leaf Miner Cameraria ohridella on Photosynthesis, Water Relations and Hydraulics of Aesculus hippocastanum Leaves,” Trees 17, 376–382 (2003).
Ratnasingham, S. and Hebert, P.D.N., “BOLD: The Barcode of Life Data System (http://www.barcoding life.org),” Molecular Ecology Notes 7, 355–364 (2007).
Rougerie, R., Kitching, I.J., Haxaire, J., Miller, S.E., Hausmann, A., and Hebert, P.D.N., “Australian Sphingidae: DNA Barcodes Challenge Current Species Boundaries and Distributions,” PloS One 9 (7), e101108 (2014).
Šefrová, H. and Laštuvka, Z., “Do Invasive Species of Lepidoptera in the Czech Republic Share Traits Favoring Introduction and Invasion?” Neobiota 8, 87–99 (2009).
Selikhovkin, A.V., Denisova, N.V., and Timofeeva, Yu.A., “The Population Density Dynamics of Mining Moths in St. Petersburg,” Izvestiya Sankt-Peterburgskoi Lesotekhnicheskoi Akademii 200, 148–159 (2012).
Stroganova, V.K., “Materials on the Fauna of Sawflies Mining the Birch in Western Siberia,” in The Fauna of Siberia: Proceedings of the Biological Institute of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Vol. 16 (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1973), pp. 120–125.
Tarasova, O.V. and Sanina, I.V., “The Species Richness of Mining Insects on Deciduous Plants in Krasnoyarsk and Its Environs,” Vestnik Krasnoyarskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta. Seriya Estestvennye Nauki 7, 45–48 (2004).
Tarasova, O.V., Kovalev, A.V., Sukhovolsky, V.G., and Khlebopros, R.G., Phyllophagous Insects of Urban Plantations: Species Composition and Abundance Dynamics (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 2004) [in Russian].
Tibatina, I.A., “Materials on the Fauna of Some Microlepidoptera Damaging the Birch in Western Siberia,” in The Fauna of Siberia (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1970), pp. 202–221 [in Russian].
Tibatina, I.A. and Stroganova, V.K., “On the Biology of Two species of Leaf Miners Damaging the Birch in Western Siberia,” in Fauna and Ecology of Arthropods of Siberia (Nauka, Novosibirsk, 1966), pp. 63–65 [in Russian].
Tomilova, V.N., “The Insect Fauna of Green Plantings of Irkutsk,” Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 41 (1), 125–141 (1962).
Tomilova, V.N., “Leaf Mining Insects of Eastern Siberia,” in The Fauna and Ecology of the Insects of Eastern Siberia and the Far East (Irkutsk, 1973) [in Russian].
Vstovskaya, T.N. and Koropachinsky, I.Yu., Woody Plants of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden (Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 2005) [in Russian].
Wagner, D., DeFoliart, L., Doak, P., and Schneiderheinze, J., “Impact of Epidermal Leaf Mining by the Aspen Leaf Miner (Phyllocnistis populiella) on the Growth, Physiology, and Leaf Longevity of Quaking Aspen,” Oecologia 157 (2), 259–267 (2008).
Yanovsky, V.M., Forest Entomofauna of Sayano-Shushensky Biosphere Reserve (Krasnoyarsk, 1996) [in Russian].
Yanovsky, V.M., Phyllophagous Insects on the Birch and Aspen in Siberian Forests: a Manual (Krasnoyarsk State University, Krasnoyarsk, 2003) [in Russian].
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Original Russian Text © N.I. Kirichenko, V.M. Petko, E. Magnoux, C. Lopez-Vaamonde, 2017, published in Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 2017, Vol. 96, No. 1, pp. 86–104.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kirichenko, N.I., Petko, V.M., Magnoux, E. et al. Diversity and distribution of leaf mining insects on birches (Betula spp.) in Siberia. Entmol. Rev. 97, 183–198 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873817020051
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0013873817020051