Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Survey of Energy Efficient Network Protocols for Wireless Networks

  • Published:
Wireless Networks Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Wireless networking has witnessed an explosion of interest from consumers in recent years for its applications in mobile and personal communications. As wireless networks become an integral component of the modern communication infrastructure, energy efficiency will be an important design consideration due to the limited battery life of mobile terminals. Power conservation techniques are commonly used in the hardware design of such systems. Since the network interface is a significant consumer of power, considerable research has been devoted to low-power design of the entire network protocol stack of wireless networks in an effort to enhance energy efficiency. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of recent work addressing energy efficient and low-power design within all layers of the wireless network protocol stack.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. P. Agrawal, J.-C. Chen, S. Kishore, P. Ramanathan and K.M. Sivalingam, Battery power sensitive video processing in wireless networking, in: Proc. IEEE PIMRC '98 (1998).

  2. P. Agrawal, B. Narendran, J. Sienicki and S. Yajnik, An adaptive power control and coding scheme for mobile radio systems, in: Proc. of IEEE Personal Communications Conf. (New Delhi, India, 1996) pp. 283-288.

  3. R. Alonso and S. Ganguly, Energy efficient query optimization, Technical report MITL-TR-33-92, Matsushita Info Tech Lab, Princeton, NJ (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  4. E. Ayanoglu, S. Paul, T.F. LaPorta, K.K. Sabnani and R.D. Gitlin, AIRMAIL: A link-layer protocol for wireless networks, Wireless Networks 1(2) (1995) 161-174.

    Google Scholar 

  5. A. Bakre and B.R. Badrinath, I-TCP: indirect TCP for mobile hosts, in: Proc. of 15th Int. Conf. on Distributed Computing Systems (1995) pp. 136-143.

  6. H. Balakrishnan, S. Seshan and R. Katz, Improving reliable transport and handoff performance in cellular wireless networks, Wireless Networks 1(4) (1995).

  7. N. Bambos, Toward power-sensitive network architectures in wireless communications: concepts, issues and design aspects, IEEE Personal Communications 5(3) (1998) 50-59.

    Google Scholar 

  8. K. Brown and S. Singh, M-TCP: TCP for mobile cellular networks, Computer Communication Review 27(5) (1997) 19-43.

    Google Scholar 

  9. R. Cáceres and L. Iftode, Improving the performance of reliable transport protocols in mobile computing environments, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 13(5) (1995) 850-857.

    Google Scholar 

  10. A. Chandrakasan and R.W. Brodersen, Low Power Digital CMOS Design (Kluwer Academic, Norwell, MA, 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  11. J.-H. Chang and L. Tassiulas, Energy conserving routing in wireless ad-hoc networks, in: Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, Tel-Aviv, Israel (2000).

  12. J.-C. Chen, K.M. Sivalingam and P. Agrawal, Performance comparison of battery power consumption in wireless multiple access protocols, Wireless Networks 5(6) (1999) 445-460.

    Google Scholar 

  13. J.-C. Chen, K.M. Sivalingam, P. Agrawal and R. Acharya, Scheduling multimedia services for a low-power MAC in wireless and mobile ATM networks, IEEE Transactions on Multimedia 1(2) (1999) 187-201.

    Google Scholar 

  14. L. Chen, Mobile-based error compensation algorithms for wireless networks, Master's thesis, Washington State University, Pullman (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  15. S. Damodaran and K.M. Sivalingam, Adaptive scheduling at mobiles for wireless networks with multiple priority traffic and multiple transmission channels, in: Proc. of Intl. Conf. on High Performance Computing, Calcutta, India (1999).

  16. I.B. Dhaou, A novel load-sharing algorithm for energy efficient MAC protocol compliant with 802.11 WLAN, in: Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Amsterdam, Holland (1999).

  17. F. Douglis, P. Krishnan and B. Marsh, Thwarting the power-hungry disk, in: Proceedings of the 1994 Winter USENIX Conference (1994).

  18. L.M. Feeney, An energy consumption model for performance analysis of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks, in: Proc. of the 45th IETF Meeting: MANET Working Group (1999).

  19. L.M. Feeney, Investigating the energy consumption of an IEEE 802.11 network interface, Technical report T1999-11, Swedish Institute of Computer Science, Kista, Sweden (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  20. J. Flinn and M. Satyanarayanan, PowerScope: A tool for profiling the energy usage of mobile applications, in: Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (1999), http://www.cs.cmu.edu/user/jflinn/www/pscope.html.

  21. B.M. Gordon, E. Tsern and T.H. Meng, Design of a low power video decompression chip set for portable applications, Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems 13 (1996) 125-142.

    Google Scholar 

  22. K. Govil, E. Chan and H. Wasserman, Comparing algorithms for dynamic speed-setting of a low-power CPU, in: Proc. Mobicom. (1995) pp. 13-25.

  23. IEEE, Wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) Spec, IEEE 802.11 standard (1998).

  24. T. Imielinski, S. Vishwanathan and B.R. Badrinath, Energy efficient indexing on air, in: Proceedings of the International Conference on Management of Data (ACM-SIGMOD) (1994).

  25. Infrared Data Association, IrDA SIR data specification (2000), http: //www.irda.org/standards/specifications.asp.

  26. Intel Corporation, Intel Power Measurement Tools (2000), http://developer.intel.com/design/mobile/intelpower/tools/.

  27. Intel Corporation, Microsoft and Toshiba Corporation, Advanced Configuration & Power Interface (2000), http://www.teleport.com/~acpi/.

  28. D.B. Johnson, D.A. Maltz, Y.-C. Hu and J. G. Jetcheva, The dynamic source routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks, IETF Draft MANET Working Group (2000).

  29. P. Karn, MACA — A new channel access method for packet radio, in: ARRL/CRRL Amateur Radio 9th Computer Networking Conference (1990) pp. 134-140.

  30. S. Kishore, J.-C. Chen, K.M. Sivalingam and P. Agrawal, Adaptive power control and scheduling algorithms based on battery power level for CDMA wireless networks, in: Proc. of IEEE ICUPC, Florence, Italy (1998) pp. 967-971.

  31. A.R. Lebeck, X. Fan, H. Zeng and C. Ellis, Power-aware page allocation, in: Proc. of Ninth ACM ASPLOS (2000) pp. 105-116.

  32. P. Lettieri, C. Fragouli and M.B. Srivastava, Low power error control for wireless links, in: Proc. ACM MobiCom, Budapest, Hungary (1997).

  33. P. Lettieri and M. Srivastava, Advances in wireless terminals, IEEE Personal Communications 6(1) (1999) 6-18.

    Google Scholar 

  34. P. Lettieri and M. B. Srivastava, Adaptive frame length control for improving wireless link throughput, range, and energy efficiency, in: INFOCOM, Vol. 2 (1998) pp. 564-571.

    Google Scholar 

  35. H. Liu and M.E. Zarki, Adaptive source rate control for real-time wireless video transmission, Mobile Networks and Applications 3 (1998) 49-60.

    Google Scholar 

  36. J. Lorch and A.J. Smith, Scheduling techniques for reducing processor energy use in MacOS, Wireless Networks 3(5) (1997) 311-324.

    Google Scholar 

  37. J.R. Lorch and A.J. Smith, Software strategies for portable computer energy management, IEEE Personal Communications 5(3) (1998) 60-73.

    Google Scholar 

  38. J. Macker and M. Corson, IETF working group: mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET), http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/manet-charter. html.

  39. J. Macker and M. Corson, Mobile ad-hoc networking and the IETF, ACM Mobile Computing and Communications Review 2(1) (1998).

  40. I. Mahadevan, Architecture and algorithms for Quality of Service support and energy efficient protocols for wireless/mobile networks, Ph.D. thesis, Washington State University (1999).

  41. B. Marsh, F. Douglis and P. Krishnan, Flash memory file caching for mobile computers, in: Proceedings of the 27th Hawaii Conference on Systems Science (1994).

  42. H. Mehta, R.M. Owens, M.J. Irwin, R. Chen and D. Ghosh, Techniques for low energy software, in: Proc. of the International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design (1997) pp. 72-75.

  43. S. Narayanaswamy, S. Seshan, E. Amir, E. Brewer, R.W. Brodersen, F. Burghart, A. Burstein, Y. Chang, A. Fox, J.M. Gilbert, R. Han, R.H. Katz, A.C. Long, D.G. Messerschmitt and J.M. Rabaey, A low-power, lightweight unit to provide ubiquitous information access applications and network support for Infopad, IEEE Personal Communications (1996) 4-17.

  44. B. Narendran, J. Sienicki, S. Yajnik and P. Agrawal, Evaluation of an adaptive power and error control algorithm for wireless systems, in: Proc. of IEEE Communications Conf. Montreal, Canada (1997) pp. 349-355.

  45. C.E. Perkins, E.M. Royer and S.R. Das, Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing, IETF Draft MANETWorking Group (2000).

  46. J. Postel, Transmission control protocol, RFC 793 (1981).

  47. C.E. Price, Power-aware scheduling algorithms for wireless networks, Master's thesis, Washington State University, Pullman (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  48. C.E. Price, K.M. Sivalingam, J.-C. Chen and P. Agrawal, Power-aware scheduling algorithms for wireless networks, in: Proc. Intl. Conference on Intelligence Computing and VLSI, Kalyani, India (2001).

  49. R. Ramanathan and R. Rosales-Hain, Topology Control of multihop wireless networks using transmit power adjustment, in: Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, Tel-Aviv, Israel (2000).

  50. A. Salkintzis and P.T. Mathiopoulos (Guest Eds.), The Evolution of Mobile Data Networking, IEEE Personal Communications 3(2) (2000).

  51. S. Singh and C.S. Raghavendra, PAMAS: Power aware multiaccess protocol with signalling for ad hoc networks, Computer Communication Review 28(3) (1998) 5-26.

    Google Scholar 

  52. S. Singh, C.S. Raghavendra and J. Stephanek, Power-aware broadcasting in mobile ad hoc networks, Technical report, Oregon State University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (1999).

  53. K.M. Sivalingam, J.-C. Chen, P. Agrawal and M. Srivastava, Design and analysis of low-power access protocols for wireless and mobile ATM networks, Wireless Networks 6(1) (2000) 73-87.

    Google Scholar 

  54. M. Srivastava, TUTORIAL: energy efficiency in mobile computing and networking, in: ACM MobiCom Tutorials, Boston, MA (2000).

  55. M. Stemm and R.H. Katz, Measuring and reducing energy consumption of network interfaces in hand-held devices, IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications, and Computer Science (1997).

  56. I. Stojmenovic and X. Lin, Power-aware localized routing in wireless networks, in: Proc. of the IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, Cancum, Mexico (2000).

  57. R. Swann and N. Kingsbury, Bandwidth efficient transmission of MPEG-II video over noisy mobile links, Signal Processing 12(2) (1998) 105-115.

    Google Scholar 

  58. V. Tiwari, S. Malik and A. Wolfe, Power analysis of embedded software: A first step towards software power minimization, IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration 2(4) (1994) 437-445.

    Google Scholar 

  59. V. Tsaoussidis and H. Badr, TCP-probing: towards an error control schema with energy and throughput performance gain, in: International Conference on Network Protocols, Osaka, Japan (2000).

  60. V. Tsaoussidis, H. Badr, X. Ge and K. Pentikousis, Energy/throughput tradeoffs of TCP error control strategies, in: Proc. of 5th IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC) 2000, France (2000).

  61. V. Tsaoussidis, A. Lahanas and H. Badr, Wave & Wait protocol (WWP): low energy, high throughput for mobile IP-devices, in: Proc. of 8th IEEE Conference on Networks (ICON) 2000, Singapore (2000).

  62. S. Udani and J. Smith, Power management in mobile computing (a survey), University of Pennsylvania (1996), http://www.cis.upenn. edu/~udani/papers.html.

  63. N. Vaidya, Tutorial: Mobile ad hoc networks: routing, MAC and transport issues, in: ACM MobiCom Tutorials, Boston, MA (2000).

  64. WAP Forum, Wireless application protocol (WAP) architecture specification, http://www.wapforum.org/what/technical.htm (2000).

  65. M. Weiser, B. Welch, A. Demers and S. Shenker, Scheduling for Reduced CPU Energy, in: Proc. of First Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI), USENIX Association, Monterey, CA (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  66. J.E. Wieselthier, G.D. Nguyen and A. Ephremides, On the construction and energy-efficient broadcast and multicast trees in wireless networks, in: Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, Tel-Aviv, Israel (2000).

  67. H. Woesner, J.-P. Ebert, M. Schlager and A. Wolisz, Power-saving mechanisms in emerging standards for wireless LANs: the MAC level perspective, IEEE Personal Communications 5(3) (1998) 40-48.

    Google Scholar 

  68. M. Woo, S. Singh and C.S. Raghavendra, Power aware routing in mobile ad hoc networks, in: Proc. ACM MobiCom, Dallas, TX (1998) pp. 181-190.

  69. M. Zorzi and R. Rao, Energy constrained error control for wireless channels, IEEE Personal Communications (1997).

  70. M. Zorzi and R.R. Rao, Error control and energy consumption in communications for nomadic computing, IEEE Transactions on Computers 46(3) (1997) 279-289.

    Google Scholar 

  71. M. Zorzi and R.R. Rao, Energy efficiency of TCP in a local wireless environment, Mobile Networks and Applications (2000) accepted.

  72. M. Zorzi (Guest Ed.), Energy Management in Personal Communications and Mobile Computing, IEEE Personal Communications 5(3) (1998).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. BBN Technologies, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA

    Christine E. Jones

  2. School of EECS, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA

    Krishna M. Sivalingam

  3. Telcordia Technologies, Morristown, NJ, 07960, USA

    Prathima Agrawal & Jyh Cheng Chen

Authors
  1. Christine E. Jones
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Krishna M. Sivalingam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Prathima Agrawal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jyh Cheng Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jones, C.E., Sivalingam, K.M., Agrawal, P. et al. A Survey of Energy Efficient Network Protocols for Wireless Networks. Wireless Networks 7, 343–358 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016627727877

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016627727877

Search

Navigation