Abstract
Nickel is a natural element used in a variety of mineral forms, and its mobilization is regulated by the physicochemical qualities of the soil. Its release into the environment is linked to the industries, oil and coal-burning power stations, and waste incinerators, and is therefore a source of air, water, and soil pollutions. In order to reduce these effects, many materials are used as photocatalysts under sunlight. Among the candidates, the blende ZnS prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) is a wide band gap semiconductor with a direct optical transition of 3.92 eV obtained from the diffuse reflectance. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed narrow peaks with a well crystallization. It was studied electrochemically to assess its photocatalytic properties for the nickel deposition. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed the semiconductor behavior under UV illumination. At pH ~ 7, its conduction band (− 1.18 VSCE), determined from the capacitance−2–potential (C−2–E) plot derives from Zn2+: 4 s orbital. The compound works as n-type semiconductor and is located below the level of Ni2+ (− 0.59 VSCE), yielding a spontaneous Ni2+ reduction to elemental state. The efficiency of Ni deposition was dependent on the ZnS amount of and pH; these parameters were studied in order to find optimal conditions for the Ni2+ photoreduction. The results display a high removal efficiency of Ni2+ (100 mg L−1) after 1-h adsorption/2-h solar light and the best ZnS dose was obtained for 75 mg/100 mL where 99% of nickel was photoelectrodeposited at natural pH. The kinetic of Ni2+ photoreduction obeys a first-order model with a half-photocatalytic life of 89 min.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
The stability is observed for the threshold concentration [S2−] {> Ks [H+]2 / K1K2[H2S]}; K1 (10−7) and K2 (10−13) are respectively the first and second acidity constants of H2S.
W = {2 εε U / eND}0.5, U is the interfacial band bending.
Calculated from the Nernst relation ESCE = − 0.49 + 0.03 log (Ni2+), (Ni2+) being the activity of Ni2+(= 8.2 × 10−4).
References
Tebani S, Nasrallah N, Bellal B, Chergui A, Trari M, Maachi R (2017) The reduction on the hetero-system under solar. Light Journal: Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 6:42
Hamane D, Arous O, Kaouah F, Trari M, Kerdjoudj H, Bendjama Z (2015) Adsorption/photo-electrodialysis combination system for Pb2+ removal using bentonite/membrane/semiconductor. J Environ Chem Eng 3:60–69
Abbas M, Kaddour S, Trari M (2014) Kinetic and equilibrium studies of cobalt adsorption on apricot stone activated carbon. J Ind Eng Chem 20:745–751
Bagtache R, Brahimi R, Abdmeziem K, Trari M (2021) Preparation and photo‑electrochemical characterization of KAlPO4F: application to photodegradation of methyl violet under sunlight. Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis
Bagtache R, Abdmeziem K, Dib K, Trari M (2019) Synthesis and photoelectrochemical characterization of KZn2(HPO4)PO4: application to rhodamine B photodegradation under solar light. Int J Environ Sci Technol 16:3819–3828
Cameron KS, Buchner V, Tchounwou PB (2011) Exploring the molecular mechanisms of nickel-induced genotoxicity and carcinogenicity: a literature review. Rev Environ Health 26:81–92
Cempel M, Nikel G (2006) Nickel: a review of its sources and environmental toxicology. Polish Journal of Environmental Stud 15:375–382
Plantard G, Janin T, Goetz V, Brosillon S (2012) Solar photocatalysis treatment of phytosanitary refuses: efficiency of industrial photocatalysts. Appl Catal B 115–116:38–44
Tugaoen H, Garcia-Segura S, Hristovski K, Westerhoff P (2017) Challenges in photocatalytic reduction of nitrate as a water treatment technology. Sci Total Environ. 599–600(1524):1551
Akel S, Dillert R, Balayeva NO, Boughaled R, Koch J, El Azzouzi M, Bahnemann DW (2018) Ag/Ag2O as a co-catalyst in TiO2 photocatalysis: effect of the co-catalyst/photocatalyst mass ratio. Catalysts 8:647
Aljabali AAA, Akkam Y, Al Zoubi MS, Al-Batayneh KM, Al-Trad B, Alrob OA, Alkilany AM, Benamara M, Evans DJ (2018) Synthesis of gold nanoparticles using leaf extract of Ziziphus zizyphus and their antimicrobial activity. Nanomaterials 8:174
Khan SH, Pathak B (2020) Zinc oxide based photocatalytic degradation of persistent pesticides: a comprehensive review. Environ Nanotechnol Monit Manag 13:100290
Iqbal A, Haq A, Antonio Cerrón-Calle G, Ali Raza Naqvi S, Westerhoff P, Garcia-Segura S (2021) Green synthesis of flower-shaped copper oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles via Capparis decidua leaf extract for synergic adsorption-photocatalytic degradation of pesticides. Catalysts 11:806
Kabouche S, Bellal B, Louafi Y, Trari M (2017) Synthesis and semiconducting properties of tin(II) sulfide: application to photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under sun light. Mater Chem Phys 195:229–235
Moualkia H, Rekhila G, Izerrouken M, Mahdjoub A, Trari M (2014) Influence of the film thickness on the photovoltaic properties of chemically deposited CdS thin films: application to the photodegradation of orange II. Mater Sci Semicond Process 21:186–193
Kaci S, Keffous A, Trari M, Fellahi O, Menari H, Manseri A, Guerbous L (2010) Relationship between crystal morphology and photoluminescence in polynanocrystalline lead sulfide thin films. J Lumin 130:1849–1856
Gil JJ, Aguilar-Martínez O, Piña-Pérez Y, Pérez-Hernández R, Santolalla-Vargas CE, Gómez R, Tzompantzi F (2020) Efficient ZnS–ZnO/ZnAl-LDH composite for H2 production by photocatalysis. Renewable Energy 145:124–132
Bagtache R, Zahra S, Abdi A, Trari M (2020) Characterization of CuCo2O4 prepared by nitrate route: application to Ni2+ reduction under visible light. Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A: Chemistry 400:112728
Benamira M, Lahmar H, Messaadia L, Rekhila G, Akika FZ, Himrane M, Trari M (2020) Hydrogen production on the new hetero-system Pr2NiO4/SnO2 under visible light irradiation. Int J Hydrogen Energy 45:1719–1728
Li Y, Tan W, Wu Y (2020) Phase transition between sphalerite and wurtzite in ZnS optical ceramic materials. J Eur Ceram Soc 40:2130–2140
Devaraji P, Mapa M, Abdul Hakkeem HM, Sudhakar V, Krishnamoorthy K, Gopinath CS (2017) ZnO–ZnS heterojunctions: a potential candidate for optoelectronics applications and mineralization of endocrine disruptors in direct sunlight. ACS Omega 10:6768–6781
Charlot G, Machtinger M et Rosset R, Cours de chimie analytique générale : Courbes de titrage, réaction dans les solvants, méthodes électrochimiques, méthodes optiques Paris ; 1976
Shevarenkov DN, Shchurov AF (2006) Dielectric properties of polycrystalline ZnS Electronic and Optical Properties of Semiconductors. Semiconductors 40:33–35
Rehman K, Fatima F, Waheed I, Sajid M, Akash H (2017) Prevalence of exposure of heavy metals and their impact on health consequences. J Cell Biochem 119:157–184
Bagtache R, Saib F, Abdmeziem K, Trari M(2019) A new hetero-junction p-CuO/Al2O3 for the H2 evolution under visible light. 44: 22419–22424
Djilali M A, Mella M, Mekatel H, Belabed C, Mahieddine A, Boudiaf S, Trari M , Synthesis, physical, optical and electrochemical properties of the ilmenite CrFeO3: application to photo-reduction of Ni2+, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (2021).
Kumar V, Dwivedi SK (2021) A review on accessible techniques for removal of hexavalent chromium and divalent nickel from industrial wastewater: recent research and future outlook. Journal of Cleaner Production 295:126229
Gerischer H (1980) Photoassisted interfacial electron transfer. Surf Sci 101:518–530
Gómez- Solís C, Oliva J, Diaz-Torres B-A, Zamudio VR, Abidov A, Torres-Martinez LM (2019) Efficient photocatalytic activity of MSnO3 (M: Ca, Ba, Sr) stannates for photoreduction of 4-nitrophenol and hydrogen production under UV light irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol, A 371:365–373
Kwolek P, Wojnicki M (2014) The kinetic study of photoreduction of tetrachloroaurate acid by methanol in acidic media. J Photochem Photobiol, A 286:47–54
Zhao Q, Li H, Zhang L, Cao Y (2019) Study of PdO species on surface of TiO2 for photo reduction of CO2 into CH4. J Photochem Photobiol, A 384:12032
Ahmed MA, Fahmy A, Abuzaid MG, Hashem EM (2020) Fabrication of novel AgIO4/SnO2 heterojunction for photocatalytic hydrogen production through direct Z-scheme mechanism. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 400:112660
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Ethics Approval
This article does not contain any studies involving human or animal subjects.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bagtache, R., Hamadat, H., Rahmani, A. et al. Nickel Removal by Adsorption/Photoelectrochemistry on ZnS Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition. Water Conserv Sci Eng 7, 45–53 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41101-021-00126-9
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41101-021-00126-9