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Synthesis and photoelectrochemical characterization of KZn2(HPO4)PO4: application to rhodamine B photodegradation under solar light

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Abstract

This work reports for the first time the study of the physical and photoelectrochemical properties of KZn2 (HPO4) PO4 nanopowder, prepared by hydrothermal route at 453 K. The as-synthesized compound crystallizes in a triclinic system (space group: P\(\bar{1}\)) with the lattice constants: a = 5.2060(2) Å, b = 8.8524(3) Å, c = 9.4039(3) Å, α = 96.9810(10)°, β = 101.7410(10)°, γ = 106.8130(10)° and a crystallite size of ~ 90 nm. The observed direct optical transition of 2.88 eV is due to O2−: 2p → Zn2+: 4s charge transfer; a further indirect transition at 5.80 eV is noticed. The electrical conductivity follows an exponential type law: σ = σo exp (− 0.08 eV/kT) in the temperature range (385–500 K), with an electronic hopping through mixed valences, while the negative thermo-power indicates n-type behavior. The capacitance measurement at pH ~ 7 gives a flat band potential of − 0.13 VSCE for the conduction band, which derives from Zn2+: 4s orbital and a donor density of 3.18 × 1019 cm−3. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows the predominance of the faradic charge transfer. In order to support the photoelectrochemical results, the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) in the presence of KZn2(HPO4)PO4, under solar light, is conducted. The results indicate 40% conversion after 300 min of irradiation time. A degradation mechanism is proposed to explain the mineralization. The photocatalytic RhB degradation obeys to a second-order kinetic model with a rate constant of 1.48 × 10−3 mol−1 L min−1.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr D. Meziani for collecting crystallography data and identification of as-synthesized compound and MHESR (Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research), Algeria, for the financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Electrochemistry-Corrosion, Metallurgy and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, USTHB, BP 32, 16111, Algiers, Algeria

    R. Bagtache & K. Abdmeziem

  2. Laboratory of Storage and Valorization of Renewable Energies, Faculty of Chemistry, USTHB, BP 32, 16111, Algiers, Algeria

    K. Dib & M. Trari

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  1. R. Bagtache
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  2. K. Abdmeziem
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Correspondence to R. Bagtache.

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Editorial responsibility: Iskender Akkurt.

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Bagtache, R., Abdmeziem, K., Dib, K. et al. Synthesis and photoelectrochemical characterization of KZn2(HPO4)PO4: application to rhodamine B photodegradation under solar light. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 16, 3819–3828 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1883-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-018-1883-8

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