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Appraisal of groundwater quality variation in the rural–urban division: a case study of Barrackpore sub-division, West Bengal

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Abstract

The assessments of groundwater quality of the Barrackpore sub-divisional area, India were evaluated for drinking purposes as per the recommendation of BIS (2012). A total of 21 water samples were collected from 15 municipal towns and 6 villages’ areas in February and March 2019 by random stratified sampling methods and analyzed physicochemical parameters of pH, EC (Electrical Conductivity), TDS (Total Dissolved Solids), Total Hardness, Alkalinity, Calcium (Ca2+), Magnesium (Mg2+), and Chloride (Cl−). The methodology has been carried out by assigning a rating of the water quality using the water quality index (WQI). An interpolation technique of Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) has been adapted to map out the spatial distribution of parameters and zonation of WQI over the study area. The water quality is quite hard in urban areas as compared to rural areas due to the presence of TDS, positive Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions. The overall review reveals that all parameters are above the desirable limits and below the permissible limits excluding Mg2+. The result of the WQI value varied from 38.78 to 105.91. Out of the total samples, 38% of samples are poorly considered for drinking purposes, whereas 61.9% of samples are considered good-quality water. The spatial coverage of unsuitable water quality is found in 20.60% of the area. Groundwater quality is in good condition and suitable with 77.36% of the area. About 18.58% of urban areas are observed as having very poor groundwater value and are not recommended for use.

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Acknowledgements

The authors received National Eligibility Test (UGC-NET) Junior Research Fellowship from University Grants Commission for the research and I would like to express my gratitude to UGC (University Grants Commission) who gave me the funding support to do my research analysis. UGC-Ref. No.: 3322/(NET-DEC.2015).

Funding

Funding was received from the University Grants Commission, National Eligibility Test (UGC-NET) Junior Research Fellowship for the research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangalore, 574199, India

    Sandipta Das & Dasharatha P. Angadi

  2. Department of Geography, Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, 835222, India

    Chandra Shekhar Dwivedi

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  1. Sandipta Das
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Correspondence to Sandipta Das.

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Das, S., Angadi, D.P. & Dwivedi, C.S. Appraisal of groundwater quality variation in the rural–urban division: a case study of Barrackpore sub-division, West Bengal. Sustain. Water Resour. Manag. 9, 45 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-023-00822-5

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