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Factors that Impact the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Cannabis: a Review of Human Laboratory Studies

  • Cannabis (B Sherman and R Tomko, Section Editors)
  • Published:
Current Addiction Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

With cannabis legalization expanding throughout the world, an unprecedented number of people now have access to legal cannabis. This expanded legalization has also created an extensive retail market that includes a litany of cannabis products, which vary on factors such as chemical profile (i.e., chemotype), formulation, and intended route of administration. Despite increases in cannabis access and product variety, research on the effects of product and user characteristics on drug effect profiles is limited.

Recent Findings

Controlled laboratory studies are important because they can reveal what factors influence the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD; e.g., subjective, cognitive, psychological) effects of cannabis and its principal constituents D-9-tetrahydrocannbinol (D-9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). In this review, we describe the various product (e.g., chemotype, route of administration) and user factors (e.g., frequency of use, sex, and age) that influence the PK and PD effects of cannabis.

Summary

Understanding the factors that impact the PK/PD profile of cannabis could be used to promote more consistency in drug effects, as well as cannabinoid delivery for medical purposes. Furthermore, such knowledge is key to informing eventual regulatory actions and dosing guidelines for cannabis products.

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  1. Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5510 Nathan Shock Dr., Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA

    C. Austin Zamarripa, Ryan Vandrey & Tory R. Spindle

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Dr. Vandrey has been paid as a consultant or scientific advisory board member for Canopy Health Innovations Inc., Jazz Pharmaceuticals, MyMD Pharmaceuticals, Syqe Medical Ltd., and Radicle Science LLC. outside the submitted work. Dr. Spindle has been a paid consultant for Canopy Health Innovations Inc.

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Zamarripa, C.A., Vandrey, R. & Spindle, T.R. Factors that Impact the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Cannabis: a Review of Human Laboratory Studies. Curr Addict Rep 9, 608–621 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-022-00429-4

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