Skip to main content
Log in

Social Network Factors and Addictive Behaviors Among College Students

  • Addiction and College Students (D Foster, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Addiction Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of the Review

The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of studies within the past 5 years examining the impact of social network factors on addictive behaviors among college students, to discuss gaps, limitations, and controversies in the field, and to summarize with a discussion of future directions and implications for interventions.

Recent Findings

A review of 13 studies indicated that greater network exposure, centrality, reciprocated ties, and more tightly interconnected networks were associated with greater alcohol use and other addictive behaviors among college students.

Summary

Greater research is needed that expands beyond alcohol use to other addictive behaviors among college students. Additionally, more studies are needed that longitudinally study the impact of changes in social networks on addictive behaviors and vice versa, as well as studies examining sociocentric (whole) networks. Social network approaches offer innovative perspectives in understanding social influences on addictive behaviors and novel intervention strategies for potentially reducing addictive behaviors among college students.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: •• Of major importance

  1. Borsari B, Carey KB. Descriptive and injunctive norms in college drinking: a meta-analytic integration. J Stud Alcohol. 2003;64(3):331–41.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Neighbors C, Lee CM, Lewis MA, Fossos N, Larimer ME. Are social norms the best predictor of outcomes among heavy-drinking college students? J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2007;68(4):556–65.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Perkins HW, Berkowitz AD. Perceiving the community norms of alcohol use among students: some research implications for campus alcohol education programming. Int J Addict. 1986;21(9–10):961–76. doi:10.3109/10826088609077249.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kilmer JR, Walker DD, Lee CM, Palmer RS, Mallett KA, Fabiano P, Larimer ME. Misperceptions of college student marijuana use: implications for prevention. J Stud Alcohol. 2006;67(2):277–81. doi:10.15288/jsa.2006.67.277.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Perkins HW, Meilman PW, Leichliter JS, Cashin JR, Presley CA. Misperceptions of the norms for the frequency of alcohol and other drug use on college campuses. J Am Coll Heal. 1999;47(6):253–8. doi:10.1080/07448489909595656.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Larimer ME, Neighbors C. Normative misperception and the impact of descriptive and injunctive norms on college student gambling. Psychol Addict Behav. 2003;17(3):235–43. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.17.3.235.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Berkowitz, AD. The social norms approach: Theory, research, and annotated bibliography 2004.

  8. Perkins HW. Surveying the damage: a review of research on consequences of alcohol misuse in college populations. J Stud Alcohol Suppl. 2002;14:91–100. doi:10.15288/jsas.2002.s14.91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lewis MA, Neighbors C. Gender-specific misperceptions of college student drinking norms. Psychol Addict Behav. 2004;18(4):334–9. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.18.4.334.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Pedersen ER, LaBrie JW, Hummer JF. Perceived behavioral alcohol norms predict drinking for college students while studying abroad. J Stud Alcohol and Drugs. 2009;70(6):924–8. doi:10.15288/jsad.2009.70.924.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Cialdini RB, Reno RR, Kallgren CA. A focus theory of normative conduct: recycling the concept of norms to reduce littering in public places. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990;58(6):1015–26. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Larimer ME, Kaysen DL, Lee CM, Kilmer JR, Lewis MA, Dillworth T, et al. Evaluating level of specificity of normative referents in relation to personal drinking behavior. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2009;16:115–21. doi:10.15288/jsads.2009.s16.115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Larimer ME, Neighbors C, LaBrie JW, Atkins DC, Lewis MA, Lee CM, et al. Descriptive drinking norms: for whom does reference group matter? J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2011;72(5):833–43. doi:10.15288/jsad.2011.72.833.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Lewis MA, Neighbors C. Optimizing personalized normative feedback: the use of gender-specific referents. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2007;68(2):228–37.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Lewis MA, Neighbors C, Oster-Aaland L, Kirkeby BS, Larimer ME. Indicated prevention for incoming freshmen: personalized normative feedback and high-risk drinking. Addict Behav. 2007;32(11):2495–508. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.06.019.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Neighbors C, LaBrie JW, Hummer JF, Lewis MA, Lee CM, Desai S, et al. Group identification as a moderator of the relationship between perceived social norms and alcohol consumption. Psychol Addict Behav. 2010;24(3):522–8. doi:10.1037/a0019944.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Pascarella ET, Terenzini PT. How college affects students. Findings and insights from twenty years of research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Wechsler H, Lee JE, Kuo M, Seibring M, Nelson TF, Lee H. Trends in college binge drinking during a period of increased prevention efforts: findings from 4 Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study surveys: 1993–2001. J Amer Coll Health. 2002;50(5):203–17. doi:10.1080/07448480209595713.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. McCabe SE, Schulenberg JE, Johnston LD, O’Malley PM, Bachman JG, Kloska DD. Selection and socialization effects of fraternities and sororities on US college student substance use: a multi-cohort national longitudinal study. Addiction. 2005;100(4):512–24. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2005.01038.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. McCabe SE, Boyd CJ, Cranford JA, Slayden J, Lange JE, Reed MB, et al. Alcohol involvement and participation in residential learning communities among first-year college students. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2007;68(5):722.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Capone C, Wood MD, Borsari B, Laird RD. Fraternity and sorority involvement, social influences, and alcohol use among college students: a prospective examination. Psychol Addict Behav. 2007;21(3):316–27. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.21.3.316.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Read JP, Wood MD, Capone C. A prospective investigation of relations between social influences and alcohol involvement during the transition into college. J Stud Alcohol. 2005;66(1):23–34. doi:10.15288/jsa.2005.66.23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Reifman A, Watson WK, McCourt A. Social networks and college drinking: probing processes of social influence and selection. Pers Soc Psychol B. 2006;32(6):820–32. doi:10.1177/0146167206286219. The authors found evidence for both social and selection processes, that “drinking buddies” were uniquely associated with drinking, and that changes in drinking over times were associated with changes in the network over time (i.e. individuals dropping out or being added to the network).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Stappenbeck CA, Quinn PD, Wetherill RR, Fromme K. Perceived norms for drinking in the transition from high school to college and beyond. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2010;71(6):895–903. doi:10.15288/jsad.2010.71.895.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Valente TW. Social networks and health: models, methods, and applications. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2010. Explores the constructs and concepts associated with social networks and their application to health behaviors.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  26. Barnett NP, Ott MQ, Rogers ML, Loxley M, Linkletter C, Clark MA. Peer associations for substance use and exercise in a college student social network. Health Psychol. 2014;33(10):1134–42. doi:10.1037/a0034687.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Mason MJ, Zaharakis N, Benotsch EG. Social networks, substance use, and mental health in college students. Journal of Amer Coll Health. 2014;62(7):470–7. doi:10.1080/07448481.2014.923428.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Meisel MK, Clifton AD, MacKillop J, Goodie AS. A social network analysis approach to alcohol use and co-occurring addictive behavior in young adults. Addictive Behav. 2015;51:72–9. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Phua J. The influence of peer norms and popularity on smoking and drinking behavior among college fraternity members: a social network analysis. Soc Influ. 2011;6(3):153–68. doi:10.1080/15534510.2011.584445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Meisel MK, Goodie AS. Predicting prescription drug misuse in college students’ social networks. Addictive Behav. 2015;45:110–2. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Barnett NP, Ott MQ, Clark MA. The relevance of network prominence and reciprocity of relationships for alcohol use and alcohol-related problems in a college residence hall network. Psychol Addict Behav. 2014;28(4):980–9. doi:10.1037/a0038354.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. DeMartini KS, Prince MA, Carey KB. Identification of trajectories of social network composition change and the relationship to alcohol consumption and norms. Drug Alcohol Depen. 2013;32(1):309–15. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Reid AE, Carey KB, Merrill JE, Carey MP. Social network influences on initiation and maintenance of reduced drinking among college students. J Consult Clinical Psych. 2015;83(1):36–44. doi:10.1037/a0037634.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Lorant V, Nicaise P. Binge drinking at university: a social network study in Belgium. Health Promot Int. 2014;31(2):675. doi:10.1093/heapro/dau007.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Rodrigues J. Exploring relationships among friendships, social status, and problem drinking in college students: a social network analysis 2014: (Doctoral dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University).

  36. Oshri A, Himelboim I, Kwon JA, Sutton TE, Mackillop J. Childhood physical and sexual abuse and social network patterns on social media: associations with alcohol use and problems among young adult women. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2015;76(6):845–51. doi:10.15288/jsad.2015.76.845.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Lau-Barraco C, Linden AN. Drinking buddies: who are they and when do they matter? Addiction Res Theory. 2014;22(1):57–67. doi:10.3109/16066359.2013.772585.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. MacKillop J, Acker JD, Bollinger J, Clifton A, Miller JD, Campbell WK, Goodie AS. Brief report: the brief alcohol social density assessment (BASDA): convergent, criterion-related, and incremental validity. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2013;74(5):810–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Ennett ST, Bauman KE, Hussong A, Faris R, Foshee VA, Cai L, DuRant RH. The peer context of adolescent substance use: findings from social network analysis. J Res Adolescence. 2006;16(2):159–86. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2006.00127.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Fujimoto K, Valente TW. Alcohol peer influence of participating in organized school activities: a network approach. Health Psychol. 2013;32(10):1084–92. doi:10.1037/a0029466.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Hahm HC, Kolaczyk E, Jang J, Swenson T, Bhindarwala AM. Binge drinking trajectories from adolescence to young adulthood: the effects of peer social network. Subst Use Misuse. 2012;47(6):745–56. doi:10.3109/10826084.2012.666313.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Kobus K, Henry DB. Interplay of network position and peer substance use in early adolescent cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use. The J Early Adolescence. 2009;30(2):225–45. doi:10.1177/0272431609333300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Pearson M, Sweeting H, West P, Young R, Gordon J, Turner K. Adolescent substance use in different social and peer contexts: a social network analysis. Drug-Educ Prev Polic. 2006;13(6):519–36. doi:10.1080/09687630600828912.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Brechwald WA, Prinstein MJ. Beyond homophily: a decade of advances in understanding peer influence processes. J Res Adolescence. 2011;21(1):166–79. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00721.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Zarrett N, Eccles J. The passage to adulthood: challenges of late adolescence. New directions for youth development. 2006;111:13–28. doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00721.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Schulenberg JE, Maggs JL. A developmental perspective on alcohol use and heavy drinking during adolescence and the transition to young adulthood. J Stud Alcohol Suppl. 2002;14:54–70. doi:10.15288/jsas.2002.s14.54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Fujimoto K, Unger JB, Valente TW. A network method of measuring affiliation-based peer influence: assessing the influences of teammates’ smoking on adolescent smoking. Child Dev. 2012;83(2):442–51. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01729.x.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Fujimoto K, Wang P, Valente TW. The decomposed affiliation exposure model: a network approach to segregating peer influences from crowds and organized sports. Network Science. 2013;1(02):154–69. doi:10.1017/nws.2013.7.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. LaBrie JW, Lewis MA, Atkins DC, Neighbors C, Zheng C, Kenney SR, et al. RCT of web-based personalized normative feedback for college drinking prevention: are typical student norms good enough? J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013;81(6):1074–86. doi:10.1037/a0034087.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. LaBrie JW, Hummer JF, Huchting KK, Neighbors C. A brief live interactive normative group intervention using wireless keypads to reduce drinking and alcohol consequences in college student athletes. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2009;28(1):40–7. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2008.00012.x.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. LaBrie JW, Hummer JF, Neighbors C, Pedersen ER. Live interactive group-specific normative feedback reduces misperceptions and drinking in college students: a randomized cluster trial. Psychol Addict Behav. 2008;22(1):141–8. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.22.1.141.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Lange JE, Devos-Comby L, Moore RS, Daniel J, Homer K. Collegiate natural drinking groups: characteristics, structure, and processes. Addict Res Theory. 2011;19(4):312–22. doi:10.3109/16066359.2010.507895.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Dumas TM, Wells S, Flynn A, Lange JE, Graham K. The influence of status on group drinking by young adults: a survey of natural drinking groups on their way to and from bars. Alcoholism Clin Exp Res. 2014;38(4):1100–7. doi:10.3109/16066359.2010.507895.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Rodriguez LM, Young CM, Tomkins MM, DiBello AM, Krieger H, Neighbors C. Friends in low places: the impact of locations and companions on 21st birthday drinking. Addict Behav. 2016;52:52–7. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.08.009.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Hawe P, Webster C, Shiell A. A glossary of terms for navigating the field of social network analysis. J Epidemiol Commun H. 2004;58(12):971–5. doi:10.1136/jech.2003.014530. Provides definitions and examples of social network constructs.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dipali Venkataraman Rinker.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

Ms. Heather Krieger reports grants from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (# F31AA024377) during the conduct of the study. Dr. Dipali Venkataraman Rinker and Dr. Clayton Neighbors report grants from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (# R01AA014576) during the conduct of the study.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Addiction and College Students

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rinker, D.V., Krieger, H. & Neighbors, C. Social Network Factors and Addictive Behaviors Among College Students. Curr Addict Rep 3, 356–367 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-016-0126-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-016-0126-7

Keywords

Navigation