Abstract
Biodiversity is organized in three fundamental hierarchical levels in nature: diversity of genes within species, diversity of species in communities, and diversity of ecosystems. The analyses of the Species-Genetic Diversity Correlation (SGDC) are important for understanding the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the patterns of biodiversity in time and space and, at the same time, have contributed to the planning of the simultaneous conservation of these levels. Thus, SGDC can be important to establish a framework to evaluate diversity patterns and develop conservation programs in widely explored areas such as the Brazilian Cerrado, generating knowledge for species of great ecological and economic importance. An example is Stryphnodendron adstringens, a tree that occurs in the Brazilian Cerrado and has medicinal properties. In this study, SGDC analyses were applied to verify if there is a correlation between the genetic diversity of S. adstringens and the diversity of species of Stryphnodendron and other phylogenetically related genera. Ecological niche modeling procedures were used to estimate the occurrence area and species diversity of Stryphnodendron and related genera in the Brazilian Cerrado, which enabled the construction of maps of environmental suitability. The α-SGDC and β-SGDC correlations were calculated in two different situations, one using microsatellite genetic data and the other using chloroplastidal DNA (cpDNA) genetic data. The analyses revealed a significant negative relationship between the haplotypic diversity of S. adstringens and the diversity of species of Stryphnodendron and other genera. The negative α-SGDC detected is an indication that to develop a conservation plan for the set of species analyzed, it is necessary to combine conservation strategies that cover more than one level of biological diversity.
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Acknowledgments
This project was supported by “Universal” projects from CNPq (proc. 402178/2016-5) and FAPEG (Proc 201410267001736). Our research program in population genetics of Cerrado plants has been continuously supported by the project “Núcleo de Excelência em Genética e Conservação de Espécies do Cerrado” and the GENPAC research network (“Geographical Genetics and Regional Planning for natural resources in Brazilian Cerrado”), funded by CNPq, CAPES and FAPEG. This work was also developed in the context of the INCT in “Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation” (EECBio), supported by CNPq and FAPEG (procs 465610/2014-5 and 201810267000023). Work CMRSF, RSBF, and ARG were supported by EECBio DTI fellowships, whereas AOR, ILBDB and RBP were supported by MsC, Doctoral and PNPD CAPES fellowships, respectively. JAFDF and MPCT were supported by CNPq Research Productivity Fellowships.
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CMRSF and ADR collected and prepared the data used in the ecological niche modeling, RBP helped in the selection of species and occurrence records for the analyses, as well as in the understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of the group. The ILBDB contributed to the construction of the ENMs. CMRSF, ADR and RSBF analyzed and interpreted the ENMs. RSBF, ARG and MPCT carried out the works that gave rise to the genetic diversity data used in the analyses and contributed to the knowledge about the population dynamics of Stryphnodendron adstringens. CMRSF, RSBF and JAFDF performed the SGDCs analyses. JAFDF and MPCT contributed with intellectual content, critically analyzing and guiding the accomplishment of each stage of the work. CMRSF wrote the original draft, and all authors contributed to the review and construction of the final version of the manuscript. ARG formatted the draft manuscript.
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da Silva-Filha, C.M.R., dos Santos Braga-Ferreira, R., Barbosa, I.L.B.D. et al. Genetic diversity in Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Clade Mimosoid) and its correlation with species richness of Stryphnodendron Mart. and related genera. Braz. J. Bot 46, 1113–1127 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-023-00943-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-023-00943-3