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Management of Spot Blotch and Heat Stress in Spring Wheat Through Azoxystrobin-Mediated Redox Balance

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Abstract

Application of foliar fungicides for the management of spot blotch of wheat in South Asia is needed when the weather is extremely conducive to disease progression. Field experiments were conducted during two consecutive years 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 to evaluate the effect of fungicides in late-sown wheat which suffers from the combined stress of terminal heat and spot blotch. Azoxystrobin (125 g a.i./ha) when applied twice (ZGS 50 and ZGS 60) and thrice (ZGS 40, 50 and 60) was comparable and gave the best control. In two sprays, the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was reduced to 161 compared to 763 under unprotected. Application of fungicide maintained the leaf area under greenness, chlorophyll content and normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI) up to physiological maturity. The canopy temperature (CT) was also reduced in fungicide-treated plots. The positive effect of fungicide on increased days to maturity (11.5 days) contributed significantly to thousand kernel weight (TKW) and grain yield. The fungicide appeared to balance the level of reactive oxygen species like hydroxyl radicals (OH−) and superoxide radicals (O2−), reducing membrane damage and increasing antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT). The application of azoxystrobin appeared to manage the terminal heat stress through redox balance and reduced the spot blotch resulted in enhanced grain yield.

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Abbreviations

AUDPC:

Area under disease progress curve

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

CAT:

Catalase

SPAD:

Soil plant analysis development

NDVI:

Normalized difference vegetative index

TKW:

Thousand kernel weight

CT:

Canopy temperature

ZGS:

Zadoks growth stage

LAUG:

Leaf area under greenness

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to CGIAR—CRP—for financial support. SN is thankful to the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India, for the INSPIRE fellowship [IF 150037] and ADAMA India for providing azoxystrobin.

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Author notes

  1. Sudhir Navathe

    Present address: Genetics and Plant Breeding division, Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune, 411004, Maharashtra, India

  2. Shree Prakash Pandey

    Present address: Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, UP, India

    Sudhir Navathe, Ramesh Chand & Vinod Kumar Mishra

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research – Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, 741246, West Bengal, India

    Shree Prakash Pandey

  3. Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), Ludhiana, 141 004, Punjab, India

    Uttam Kumar

  4. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), G-2, B-Block, NASC Complex, DPS Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Arun Kumar Joshi

  5. Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA), G2, B Block, NASC Complex DPS Marg, PUSA Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India

    Arun Kumar Joshi

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Correspondence to Ramesh Chand.

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Navathe, S., Chand, R., Mishra, V.K. et al. Management of Spot Blotch and Heat Stress in Spring Wheat Through Azoxystrobin-Mediated Redox Balance. Agric Res 9, 169–178 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-019-00417-7

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