Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Judicious use of agricultural and industrial waste to rice is a green technology having GHGs mitigation potential

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Waste management and climate change mitigation is the key environmental challenges the world faces today. A huge quantity of industrial and agricultural wastes is generated every year globally. Dumping and burning off those wastes cause air pollution and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions causing global warming and climate change consequences. However, these wastes could be effectively utilized in rice as a green technology for GHGs mitigation and sustaining productivity. The seven treatments, including different dose of two industrial wastes (phosphogypsum and basic slag) and agricultural waste (rice straw, rice-straw compost, rice-straw biochar) are (i) recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) (80:40:40:: N:P2O5:K2O kg ha−1), (ii) RDF; nitrogen through ammonium sulphate (AS), (iii) RDF + rice straw-biochar (5t ha−1) (BC), (iv) RDF + phosphogypsum (2t ha−1) (PG), (v) RDF + rice straw-incorporation (5t ha−1) (RSI), (vi) RDF + rice straw-compost (5t ha−1) (RSC), and (vii) RDF + basic slag (1t ha−1) (BS). The soil carbon-pools, enzymatic activity, GHGs emissions, global warming potential (GWP), carbon-equivalent emission (CEE), GHG intensity (GHGI) and green income (considering economic profit and carbon-credit compliance) were estimated. The BS and PG had higher GHGs emission-mitigation potential (22.3–20 and 14.8–12.9% reduction of methane and nitrous oxide over RDF, respectively) and lower GHGI. Considering yield performance, production cost, and carbon-credit compliance, BS ranked number one followed by RSC and PG in the green income category and could be promoted as green technology. However, large-scale validation in farmers’ fields is necessary for further assessment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and raw data are available upon request.

References

  • Adam G, Duncan H (2001) Development of a sensitive and rapid method for the measurement of total microbial activity using fluorescein diacetate (FDA) in a range of soils. Soil Biol Biochem 33(7–8):943–951

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ali MA, Kim PJ, Inubushi K (2015) Mitigating yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions through combined application of soil amendments: a comparative study between temperate and subtropical rice paddy soils. Sci Total Environ 529:140–148

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Allen J, Pascual KS, Romasanta RR, Trinh MV, Thach TV, Hung NV, Chivenge P (2020) Rice straw management effects on greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation options. In: Sustainable rice straw management, pp. 145–159, Springer, Cham

  • Angers DA, Mehuys GR (1989) Effects of cropping on carbohydrate content and water-stable aggregation of a clay soil. Canadian J Soil Sci 69(2):373–380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baggs EM (2011) Soil microbial sources of nitrous oxide: recent advances in knowledge, emerging challenges and future direction. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 3(5):321–327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatt R (2017) Zero tillage impacts on soil environment and properties. J Environ Agric Sci 10:1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharyya P, Roy KS, Neogi S, Adhya TK, Rao KS, Manna MC (2012a) Effects of rice straw and nitrogen fertilization on greenhouse gas emissions and carbon storage in tropical flooded soil planted with rice. Soil Tillage Res 124:119–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharyya P, Roy KS, Neogi S, Chakravorti SP, Behera KS, Das KM, Bardhan S, Rao KS (2012b) Effect of long-term application of organic amendment on C storage in relation to global warming potential and biological activities in tropical flooded soil planted to rice. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 94(2):273–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharyya P, Roy KS, Neogi S, Dash PK, Nayak AK, Mohanty S, Baig MJ, Sarkar RK, Rao KS (2013) Impact of elevated CO2 and temperature on soil C and N dynamics in relation to CH4 and N2O fluxes from tropical flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.). Sci Total Environ 461:601–611

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharyya P, Dash PK, Swain CK, Padhy SR, Roy KS, Neogi S, Berliner J, Adak T, Pokhare SS, Baig MJ, Mohapatra T (2019) Mechanism of plant mediated methane emission in tropical lowland rice. Sci Total Environ 651:84–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharyya P, Pathak H, Pal S (2020) Crop management for climate-smart agriculture. Climate smart agriculture. Springer, Singapore, pp 85–111

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Blair GJ, Lefroy RD, Lisle L (1995) Soil carbon fractions based on their degree of oxidation, and the development of a carbon management index for agricultural systems. Aust J Agric Res 46(7):1459–1466

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casida LE Jr, Klein DA, Santoro T (1964) Soil dehydrogenase activity. Soil Sci 98(6):371–376

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cayuela ML, Sánchez-Monedero MA, Roig A, Hanley K, Enders A, Lehmann J (2013) Biochar and denitrification in soils: when, how much and why does biochar reduce N2O emissions? Sci Rep 3(1):1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clough TJ, Condron LM, Kammann C, Müller C (2013) A review of biochar and soil nitrogen dynamics. Agronomy 3(2):275–293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clough TJ, Bertram JE, Ray JL, Condron LM, O’callaghan M, Sherlock RR, Wells NS (2010) Unweathered wood biochar impact on nitrous oxide emissions from a bovine-urine-amended pasture soil. Soil Sci Soc Am 74:852–860

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Das S, Gwon HS, Khan MI, Jeong ST, Kim PJ (2020) Steel slag amendment impacts on soil microbial communities and activities of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Sci Rep 10(1):6746

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dash PK, Bhattacharyya P, Shahid M, Roy KS, Swain CK, Tripathi R, Nayak AK (2017) Low carbon resource conservation techniques for energy savings, carbon gain and lowering GHGs emission in lowland transplanted rice. Soil Tillage Res 174:45–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eivazi F, Tabatabai MA (1988) Glucosidases and galactosidases in soils. Soil Biol Biochem 20(5):601–606

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Sanchez M, Siles JA, Cajthaml T, Garcia-Romera I, Tlustoš P, Száková J (2015) Effect of digestate and fly ash applications on soil functional properties and microbial communities. Eur J Soil Biol 71:1–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gwon HS, Khan MI, Alam MA, Das S, Kim PJ (2018) Environmental risk assessment of steel-making slags and the potential use of LD slag in mitigating methane emissions and the grain arsenic level in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Hazard Mater 353:236–243

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hale SE, Lehmann J, Rutherford D, Zimmerman AR, Bachmann RT, Shitumbanuma V, O’Toole A, Sundqvist KL, Arp HP, Cornelissen G (2012) Quantifying the total and bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dioxins in biochars. Environ Sci Technol 46(5):2830–2838

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haynes RJ, Swift RS (1990) Stability of soil aggregates in relation to organic constituents and soil water content. J Soil Sci 41(1):73–83

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • He Y, Zhou X, Jiang L, Li M, Du Z, Zhou G, Shao J, Wang X, Xu Z, Hosseini Bai S, Wallace H (2017) Effects of biochar application on soil greenhouse gas fluxes: a meta-analysis. Gcb Bioenergy 9(4):743–755

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez AG, Paoli L, Cullen JM (2018) How resource-efficient is the global steel industry? Resour Conserv Recycl 133:132–145

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang L, Liu Y, Ferreira JF, Wang M, Na J, Huang J, Liang Z (2022) Long-term combined effects of tillage and rice cultivation with phosphogypsum or farmyard manure on the concentration of salts, minerals, and heavy metals of saline-sodic paddy fields in Northeast China. Soil Tillage Res 215:105222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2018) Global Warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. Intergovernmental panel on climate change

  • Inubushi K, Brookes PC, Jenkinson DS (1991) Soil microbial biomass C, N and ninhydrin-N in aerobic and anaerobic soils measured by the fumigation-extraction method. Soil Biol Biochem 23(8):737–741

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • IPCC 2013. Summary for policymakers. Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/reporT/WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL

  • IPCC 2014: Climate Change (2014) Mitigation of climate change. Working Group III contribution to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, intergovernmental panel on climate change, Cambridge University Press

  • Iqbal J, Hu R, Lin S, Hatano R, Feng M, Lu L, Ahamadou B, Du L (2009) CO2 emission in a subtropical red paddy soil (Ultisol) as affected by straw and N-fertilizer applications: a case study in Southern China. Agr Ecosyst Environ 131(3–4):292–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kowshika N, Maragatham N, Geethalakshmi V, Maheswari M, Panneerselvam S (2017) Impact of soil amendments on methane emission from rice field. Editor Board 256

  • Kumar SS, Kumar A, Singh S, Malyan SK, Baram S, Sharma J, Singh R, Pugazhendhi A (2020) Industrial wastes: fly ash, steel slag and phosphogypsum-potential candidates to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields. Chemosphere 241:124824

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu C, Lu M, Cui J, Li B, Fang C (2014) Effects of straw carbon input on carbon dynamics in agricultural soils: a meta-analysis. Glob Chang Biol 20:1366–1381

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malyan SK, Bhatia A, Kumar A, Gupta DK, Singh R, Kumar SS, Tomer R, Kumar O, Jain N (2016) Methane production, oxidation and mitigation: a mechanistic understanding and comprehensive evaluation of influencing factors. Sci Total Environ 572:874–896

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naresh RK, Gupta RK, Rathore RS, Dwivedil A, Singh HL, Kumar V, Shukla AK, Singh V, Singh SP, Tyagil S, Singh V (2017) Crop residue management and soil health with changing climate in smallholders farming: a subtropical Indian perspective. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 6(2):1591–1609

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neff JC, Townsend AR, Gleixner G, Lehman SJ, Turnbull J, Bowman WD (2002) Variable effects of nitrogen additions on the stability and turnover of soil carbon. Nature 419(6910):915–917

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NOAA-ERSL (2019). http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/

  • Noubactep C (2011) On the mechanism of microbe inactivation by metallic iron. J Hazard Mater 198:383–386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Connor J, Nguyen TBT, Honeyands T, Monaghan B, O’Dea D, Rinklebe J, Bolan N (2021) Production, characterisation, utilisation, and beneficial soil application of steel slag: a review. J Hazard Mater 419:126478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pathak H, Byjesh K, Chakrabarti B, Aggarwal PK (2011) Potential and cost of carbon sequestration in Indian agriculture: estimates from long-term field experiments. Field Crop Res 120(1):102–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ravindra K, Singh T, Mor S (2019) Emissions of air pollutants from primary crop residue burning in India and their mitigation strategies for cleaner emissions. J Clean Prod 208:261–273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ren J, Yu P, Xu X (2019) Straw utilization in China—status and recommendations. Sustainability 11(6):1762

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Romasanta RR, Sander BO, Gaihre YK, Alberto MC, Gummert M, Quilty J, Castalone AG, Balingbing C, Sandro J, Correa T Jr, Wassmann R (2017) How does burning of rice straw affect CH4 and N2O emissions? A comparative experiment of different on-field straw management practices. Agr Ecosyst Environ 239:143–153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sander BO, Wassmann R, Siopongco JD (2016) Mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from rice production through water-saving techniques: potential, adoption and empirical evidence. Climate change and agricultural water management in developing countries. CABI, Wallingford, pp 193–207

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Shan J, Yan X (2013) Effects of crop residue returning on nitrous oxide emissions in agricultural soils. Atmos Environ 71:170–175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soil Survey Staff (2010) Keys to soil taxonomy. USDA, NRCS, p 346

    Google Scholar 

  • Spokas KA, Reicosky DC (2009) Impacts of sixteen different biochars on soil greenhouse gas production

  • Tabatabai MA, Bremner JM (1972) Assay of urease activity in soils. Soil Biol Biochem 4(4):479–487

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taghizadeh-Toosi A, Clough TJ, Condron LM, Sherlock RR, Anderson CR, Craigie RA (2011) Biochar incorporation into pasture soil suppresses in situ nitrous oxide emissions from ruminant urine patches. J Environ Qual 40(2):468–476

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tariq G, Sun H, Ali I, Pasha AA, Khan MS, Rahman MM, Mohamed A, Shah Q (2022) Influence of green technology, green energy consumption, energy efficiency, trade, economic development and FDI on climate change in South Asia. Sci Rep 12:16376

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang W, Lai DY, Wang C, Tong C, Zeng C (2016) Effects of inorganic amendments, rice cultivars and cultivation methods on greenhouse gas emissions and rice productivity in a subtropical paddy field. Ecol Eng 95:770–778

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang W, Neogi S, Lai DY, Zeng C, Wang C, Zeng D (2017) Effects of industrial and agricultural waste amendment on soil greenhouse gas production in a paddy field in Southeastern China. Atmos Environ 164:239–249

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witt C, Gaunt JL, Galicia CC, Ottow JC, Neue HU (2000) A rapid chloroform-fumigation extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in flooded rice soils. Biol Fertil Soils 30(5):510–519

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yüksel İ (2017) A review of steel slag usage in construction industry for sustainable development. Environ Dev Sustain 19(2):369–384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang A, Cui L, Pan G, Li L, Hussain Q, Zhang X, Zheng J, Crowley D (2010) Effect of biochar amendment on yield and methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a rice paddy from Tai Lake plain, China. Agr Ecosyst Environ 139(4):469–475

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by ICAR-National Fellow Project (Agri. Edn. /27/08/NF/2017-HRD; EAP-248), NICRA, IRRI and IGKV, Raipur. Authors are grateful to Director of ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), for his support and guidance.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture, Sri Sri University, Cuttack, Odisha, 754006, India

    P. P. Padhi

  2. Crop Production Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (NRRI), Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India

    P. Bhattacharyya, S. R. Padhy & P. K. Dash

  3. Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492012, India

    V. Mishra

Authors
  1. P. P. Padhi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. Bhattacharyya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. S. R. Padhy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. P. K. Dash
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. V. Mishra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

PPP: Collected and analysed the data; PB: Conceptualized, edited and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. SRP and PKD: Analysed data and help in first draft preparation VM: Edited and interpreted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. Bhattacharyya.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent to publish

Not applicable.

Additional information

Editorial responsibility: Jing Chen.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Padhi, P.P., Bhattacharyya, P., Padhy, S.R. et al. Judicious use of agricultural and industrial waste to rice is a green technology having GHGs mitigation potential. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21, 6759–6772 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05430-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-023-05430-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation