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Assessment of land use and land cover and forest fragmentation in traditional landscape in Manipur, Northeast India

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Abstract

Land use and land cover (LULC) change has serious impacts on the environment health. The knowledge and regular monitoring of LULC change has become a key facet for the sustainable management of natural resources. Forest fragmentation is considered one of the most pertinent conservation issues as it associates with the deterioration of ecosystem integrity. Using geospatial technology, we assessed the spatio-temporal changes in LULC, the net rate of deforestation, and forest fragmentation in the traditional landscape of Manipur, Northeast India, from 1999 to 2019. Multi-temporal satellite data Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager were used to classify different LULC classes. The Landscape fragmentation tool LFT v2.0 was used for the classification of different categories of forest fragmentation. During the study period, it was found that forest class dominated the study area, followed by cropland and shifting cultivation area. It was observed that area under dense forest has declined by 11.05% during 1999–2009 but slightly improved during 2009–2019 by 4.33%. The analysis of forest fragmentation found that a large area under the core forest has declined throughout the study period (1999–2019). The net rate of deforestation during 2009–2019 was 0.39% higher than the periods 1999–2009 (0.14%). Landscape indices at class level metrics were calculated using spatial analysis software called Fragstats. The results suggested an anthropogenic and natural activities are the major causes of LULC changes, deforestation, and forest fragmentation. The study provided the spatial database on LULC and forest fragmentation in the data-scare region of traditional landscape in Northeast India, which will help understand the impact of LULC and forest fragmentation on biodiversity-ecosystem processes and support the policymakers in ensuring sustainable land use planning.

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Data availability

The authors declare that data used in this manuscript are obtained from United States Geological Survey (https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/).

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Acknowledgements

The first (ARD) author acknowledges the University Grants Commission, Delhi, for a financial grant in the form of a Junior Research Fellowship for her doctoral research. The second author (TS) acknowledges the financial grant provided by GBPIHESD/MoEFCC under NMHS to carry out this research. The authors also thank Earth Explorer USGS (https:/earthexplorer.usgs.gov/) for providing satellite information.

Funding

The second author (TS) acknowledges the financial grant provided by G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development/MoEFCC under National Mission on Himalayan Studies to carry out this research.

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  1. University School of Environment Management, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka, New Delhi, 110078, India

    A. R. Devi & T. Shimrah

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  1. A. R. Devi
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  2. T. Shimrah
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Contributions

Conceptualization: [Tuisem Shimrah]; Methodology: [Ahanthem Rebika Devi], Formal analysis and investigation: [Tuisem Shimrah]; Writing–original draft preparation: [Ahanthem Rebika Devi]; Review and editing: [Tuisem Shimrah].

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Correspondence to A. R. Devi.

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Editorial responsibility: Ta Yeong Wu.

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Devi, A.R., Shimrah, T. Assessment of land use and land cover and forest fragmentation in traditional landscape in Manipur, Northeast India. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 10291–10306 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03712-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03712-5

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