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Gastrointestinal Barrier Breakdown and Adipose Tissue Inflammation

  • Obesity Treatment (CM Apovian, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

Obesity is a state of chronic inflammation. This review aims to summarize recent data supporting the role of the intestinal mucosal barrier and the microbiome in causing adipose tissue inflammation as well as metabolic factors that can affect the intestinal barrier.

Recent Findings

Obesity and its metabolic consequences, such as diabetes mellitus, are associated with disruption of the intestinal barrier function. Intestinal microbiota and diet play a key role in the maintenance of a healthy intestinal epithelium. Intestinal barrier dysfunction can lead to heightened inflammation, which in turn can further damage the intestinal barrier through the disruption of tight junction proteins.

Summary

Intestinal barrier breakdown is associated with adipose tissue inflammation in different disease states, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, HIV, and inflammatory bowel disease. Future therapeutic strategies to ameliorate intestinal barrier function may help reduce inflammation in obesity and other chronic conditions of increased intestinal permeability.

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Author notes

  1. Lediya Cheru and Charles F. Saylor contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, LON-207, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Lediya Cheru, Charles F. Saylor & Janet Lo

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  1. Lediya Cheru
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Correspondence to Janet Lo.

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Lediya Cheru declares that she has no conflict of interest. Charles F. Saylor declares that he has no conflict of interest. Janet Lo received a donation of teduglutide and placebo from Shire for a NIH-funded clinical study and has served on a medical affairs advisory board for Gilead Sciences and as a consultant for ViiV Healthcare.

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Cheru, L., Saylor, C.F. & Lo, J. Gastrointestinal Barrier Breakdown and Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Curr Obes Rep 8, 165–174 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-019-00332-6

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