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Pharmacognostic and pharmacological perspectives of Leea macrophyla roxb.

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Abstract

The proposed work on Leea macrophyla Roxb (family: Leeaceae) is mainly focused on two different streams, first towards the pharmacognostic profile and second on pharmacological evaluation. The pharmacognostic profile involves the study of both macroscopy and microscopy of leaf, stem, and tuberous roots. Secondly, extract of adventitious tuberous roots of the plant was used for pharmacological screening of anti-inflammatory (in-vivo), antimicrobial (in-vitro), and antioxidant (in-vitro) potential. Morphologically, it is observed that L. macrophyla is an herb with erect stem, broadly ovate leaf with greenish-white inflorescence. Microscopically, the leaf can be characterized by anisocytic stomata, calcium oxalate crystals, and the absence of trichomes. The typical characteristics of the stem include outer thick ridges, secondary phloem, medullary rays, and pith. The rhizomes contain the outer epidermis is replaced with dark crushed cells, central pith, and disintegrated parenchymatous cells.The extract exhibited excellent anti-inflammatory potency in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Antimicrobial activity was involved cup plate technique against gram-positive, gram-negative, and fungal organisms. The study observed good inhibitory activity against S. aureus (15 ± 0.15 mm), B. subtilis (14 ± 0.13 mm), and E.coli (15 ± 0.16 mm). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging method was used to explore antioxidant potential against ascorbic acid as standard. The IC50 values obtained from the antioxidant potency were observed to be 18 ± 0.33, 12 ± 0.66% for DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay respectively. As L. macrophyla with assumption on the traditional curative assurance, it shows significant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant potency.

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Abbreviations

DPPH:

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

FAA:

Formalin –aceto alcohol

TBA:

Tertiary butyl alcohol

CPCSEA:

Committee for the purpose of control and supervision of experiments on animals

AdC:

Adaxial cone

LaB:

Lateral bundle

AdB:

Adaxial bundle

AbB:

Abaxial bundle

Col:

Collenchyma

Ep:

Epidermis

Ph:

Phloem

X:

Xylem

Mu:

Mucilage

Sc:

Secondary cortex

OPh:

Outer Phloem

MX:

Meta xylem

IPh:

Inner phloem

AdE:

Adaxial epidermis

AbE:

Abaxial epidermis

PM:

Palisade mesophyll

SM:

Spongy mesophyll Idb: idioblast

Dr:

Druses

Ra:

Raphides bundles

Aw:

Anticlinal wall

SC:

Subsidiary cells

St:

Stoma

EC:

Epidermal cell

SA:

Stomatal aperture

Fu:

Furrow

Ri:

Ridge

SPh:

Secondary phloem

Pi:

Pith

SX:

Secondary xylem

Ve:

Vessel

Co:

Cortical zone

Ed:

Endodermis

Se:

Seive elements

XF:

Xylem fiber

DPa:

Dilated parenchyma

Co:

Collenchyma

Lac:

Lacuna

Cr:

Crystals

Pe:

Periderm

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Acknowledgements

The authors are gratified to the Management and Principal of Raghu College of Pharmacy, Visakhapatnam for their constant support and for providing necessary facilities for the smooth conduct of the study.

Funding

No funding was received for conducting this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Raghu College of Pharmacy, Dakamarri, Bheemunipatnam (M), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 531162, India

    Padmaja Kota, Mary Sulakshana Palla & Jagadeesh Panda

  2. School of Pharmacy, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, India

    Prafulla Kumar Sahu & Santosh Kumar Ranajit

  3. Sri venkateswara College of Pharmacy, Etcherla, Srikakulam, Andhra Pradesh, 532410, India

    Prasanth Damarasingu

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  1. Padmaja Kota
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  2. Prafulla Kumar Sahu
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  3. Mary Sulakshana Palla
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  4. Jagadeesh Panda
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  5. Prasanth Damarasingu
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  6. Santosh Kumar Ranajit
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Contributions

KP-Carried out the experiment and paper drafting, PKS-Conceptualisation, experiment supervision, editing and proof reading, MSP-Paper drafting and data analysis. JP-Supervision, PD-microscopical studies, SKR-Paper drafting and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Prafulla Kumar Sahu.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Regd. No.1549/PO/Re/S/2011/CPCSEA, New Delhi, India, and approved by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC), Raghu College of Pharmacy, Dakamarri, Bheemunipatnam, Visakhapatnam.

Conflict of interests

Padmaja Kota has no conflict of interest. Prafulla Kumar Sahu has no conflict of interest. Mary Sulakshana Palla has no conflict of interest. Jagadeesh Panda has no conflict of interest. Prasanth Damarasingu has no conflict of interest. Santosh Kumar Ranajit has no conflict of interest.

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Kota, P., Sahu, P.K., Palla, M.S. et al. Pharmacognostic and pharmacological perspectives of Leea macrophyla roxb.. ADV TRADIT MED (ADTM) 23, 1123–1136 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-022-00656-0

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