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Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase family is closely associated with response to phosphate deficiency in rice

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Abstract

Background

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) catalyzes the first step in the biosynthetic phenylpropanoid pathway (PPP) via deamination of phenylalanine to trans-cinnamic acid, a precursor for the lignin and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. Although its role is well-established in various plants, the functional significance of PAL genes in rice remains poorly understood.

Objective

This study aims to find out the global feature of rice PAL genes associated with phosphate use efficiency.

Methods

To identify the biological functions of individual rice PAL genes, we performed meta-expression profiling analysis based on phylogenomics of rice PAL genes and confirmed the expression patterns using Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).

Results

We identified nine genes that were remarkably up-regulated during long-term phosphate (Pi) starvation and recovery processes through RNA-Seq data analysis. Expression patterns of the nine rice PAL genes under Pi starvation were further confirmed by qPCR, indicating that the function of PAL genes is strongly associated with Pi starvation response in rice.

Conclusion

Our study reports the functional significance of rice PAL genes involved in adaptation to low Pi growth conditions and provides useful information to improve Pi use efficiency in crop plant.

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Abbreviations

3GT:

3-O-glucosyltransferase

ANS:

Anthocyanidin synthase

CHI:

Chalcone isomerase

CHS:

Chalcone synthase

CRE:

Cis-acting regulatory element

DFR:

Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase

F3H:

Flavanone 3-hydroxylase

FPKM:

Fragments per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads

PAL:

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

PPP:

Phenylpropanoid pathway

Pi:

Phosphate

SA:

Salicylic acid

qPCR:

Quantitative real-time PCR

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program (grant number, PJ01325901 to KHJ) supported by the Rural Development Administration, and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (NRF-2016R1D1A1A09919568 to KHJ), Republic of Korea.

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  1. Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotechnology Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea

    Yun-Shil Gho, Sang-jin Kim & Ki-Hong Jung

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  1. Yun-Shil Gho
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  2. Sang-jin Kim
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  3. Ki-Hong Jung
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Correspondence to Ki-Hong Jung.

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Gho, YS., Kim, Sj. & Jung, KH. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase family is closely associated with response to phosphate deficiency in rice. Genes Genom 42, 67–76 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-019-00879-7

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