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Pathogenic potential of non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars isolated from aquatic environments in Mexico

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Abstract

Background

River water has been implicated as a source of non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars in Mexico.

Objective

To dissect the molecular pathogenesis and defense strategies of seven NTS strains isolated from river water in Mexico.

Methods

The genome of Salmonella serovars Give, Pomona, Kedougou, Stanley, Oranienburg, Sandiego, and Muenchen were sequenced using the whole-genome shotgun methodology in the Illumina Miseq platform. The genoma annotation and evolutionary analyses were conducted in the RAST and FigTree servers, respectively. The MLST was performed using the SRST2 tool and the comparisons between strains were clustered and visualized using the Gview server. Experimental virulence assay was included to evaluate the pathogenic potential of strains.

Results

We report seven high-quality draft genomes, ranging from ~ 4.61 to ~ 5.12 Mb, with a median G + C value, coding DNA sequence, and protein values of 52.1%, 4697 bp, and 4,589 bp, respectively. The NTS serovars presented with an open pan-genome, offering novel genetic content. Each NTS serovar had an indistinguishable virulotype with a core genome (352 virulence genes) closely associated with Salmonella pathogenicity; 13 genes were characterized as serotype specific, which could explain differences in pathogenicity. All strains maintained highly conserved genetic content regarding the Salmonella pathogenicity islands (1–5) (86.9–100%), fimbriae (84.6%), and hypermutation (100%) genes. Adherence and invasion capacity were confirmed among NTS strains in Caco-2 cells.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated the arsenal of virulence and defense molecular factors harbored on NTS serovars and highlight that environmental NTS strains are waterborne pathogens worthy of attention.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA) in Mexico for sharing the NTS strains and permitting their use in this study. We also thank Mr. Cesar Carreón Gaxiola for his technical assistance. This work was supported by the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT) grant CB-2014/235989. The authors would like to thank Enago (http://www.enago.com) for the English language review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Laboratorio de Investigación y Diagnóstico Microbiológico, Programa Regional de Posgrado en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Blvd. de las Americas and Josefa Ortiz de Dominguez S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 80013, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico

    Areli Burgueño-Roman, Gloria M. Castañeda-Ruelas & Maribel Jimenez-Edeza

  2. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, 97315, Mérida, Yucatán, México

    Ramón Pacheco-Arjona

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  1. Areli Burgueño-Roman
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Correspondence to Maribel Jimenez-Edeza.

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Burgueño-Roman, A., Castañeda-Ruelas, G.M., Pacheco-Arjona, R. et al. Pathogenic potential of non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars isolated from aquatic environments in Mexico. Genes Genom 41, 767–779 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-019-00798-7

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