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Plant natural modulators in breast cancer prevention: status quo and future perspectives reinforced by predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach

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Abstract

In contrast to the genetic component in mammary carcinogenesis, epigenetic alterations are particularly important for the development of sporadic breast cancer (BC) comprising over 90% of all BC cases worldwide. Most of the DNA methylation processes are physiological and essential for human cellular and tissue homeostasis, playing an important role in a number of key mechanisms. However, if dysregulated, DNA methylation contributes to pathological processes such as cancer development and progression. A global hypomethylation of oncogenes and hypermethylation of tumor-suppressor genes are characteristic of most cancer types. Moreover, histone chemical modifications and non-coding RNA-associated multi-gene controls are considered as the key epigenetic mechanisms governing the cellular homeostasis and differentiation states. A number of studies demonstrate dietary plant products as actively affecting the development and progression of cancer. “Nutri-epigenetics” focuses on the influence of dietary agents on epigenetic mechanisms. This approach has gained considerable attention; since in contrast to genetic alterations, epigenetic modifications are reversible affect early carcinogenesis. Currently, there is an evident lack of papers dedicated to the phytochemicals/plant extracts as complex epigenetic modulators, specifically in BC. Our paper highlights the role of plant natural compounds in targeting epigenetic alterations associated with BC development, progression, as well as its potential chemoprevention in the context of preventive medicine. Comprehensive measures are stated with a great potential to advance the overall BC management in favor of predictive, preventive, and personalized medical services and can be considered as “proof-of principle” model, for their potential application to other multifactorial diseases.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic under the contracts no. VEGA 1/0108/16, 1/0018/16 and the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract no. APVV-16-0021.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia

    Sona Uramova, Marek Samec, Pavol Zubor & Jan Danko

  2. Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 036 01, Martin, Slovakia

    Peter Kubatka & Martin Pec

  3. Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia

    Peter Kubatka, Zuzana Dankova, Andrea Kapinova & Barbora Zolakova

  4. Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia

    Anthony Zulli

  5. Mosjøen, Norway

    Vanda Valentova

  6. Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea

    Taeg Kyu Kwon

  7. Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia

    Peter Solar

  8. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia

    Martin Kello

  9. Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Oncology Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia

    Karol Kajo

  10. Qatar Foundation, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar

    Dietrich Busselberg

Authors
  1. Sona Uramova
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  2. Peter Kubatka
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  3. Zuzana Dankova
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  4. Andrea Kapinova
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  5. Barbora Zolakova
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  6. Marek Samec
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  7. Pavol Zubor
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  8. Anthony Zulli
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  9. Vanda Valentova
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  10. Taeg Kyu Kwon
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  11. Peter Solar
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  12. Martin Kello
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  13. Karol Kajo
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  14. Dietrich Busselberg
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  15. Martin Pec
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  16. Jan Danko
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Contributions

PK contributed to conception of the idea, literature search, manuscript drafting and editing and SU, ZD, AK, PS, MS, KK, MK, MP, and BZ contributed to literature search and manuscript drafting. VV sketched and drew the figures. OG and TKK contributed to conception of the idea and edited the manuscript. AZ, PZ, DB, and JD revised the manuscript with critical reviews and comments and all the authors approved the final version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Peter Kubatka.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Statement of informed consent

Patients have not been involved in the study.

Statement of human and animal rights

No experiments have been performed including patients and/or animals.

Additional information

Sona Uramova and Peter Kubatka are co-first/equal authorship.

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Uramova, S., Kubatka, P., Dankova, Z. et al. Plant natural modulators in breast cancer prevention: status quo and future perspectives reinforced by predictive, preventive, and personalized medical approach. EPMA Journal 9, 403–419 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13167-018-0154-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13167-018-0154-6

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