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Using the Primary Care Behavioral Health Provider Adherence Questionnaire (PPAQ) to identify practice patterns

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Translational Behavioral Medicine

Abstract

Primary care-mental health integration (PC-MHI) is growing in popularity. To determine program success, it is essential to know if PC-MHI services are being delivered as intended. The investigation examines responses to the Primary Care Behavioral Health Provider Adherence Questionnaire (PPAQ) to explore PC-MHI provider practice patterns. Latent class analysis was used to identify clusters of PC-MHI providers based on their self-report of adherence on the PPAQ. Analysis revealed five provider clusters with varying levels of adherence to PC-MHI model components. Across clusters, adherence was typically lowest in relation to collaboration with other primary care staff. Clusters also differed significantly in regard to provider educational background and psychotherapy approach, level of clinic integration, and previous PC-MHI training. The PPAQ can be used to identify PC-MHI provider practice patterns that have relevance for future clinical effectiveness studies, development of provider training, and quality improvement initiatives.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported with resources and the use of facilities at the VA Center for Integrated Healthcare and the VA Western New York Healthcare System. The information provided in this study does not represent the views of the Department of Veterans Affairs or the United States Government.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there are known conflicts of interest for reasons financial or otherwise, no known competing interests, and no companies or products are being featured in this research.

Adherence to ethical principles

All procedures were conducted in accordance with the study protocol approved by the VA Western New York Healthcare System Institutional Review Board.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. VA Center for Integrated Healthcare (116N), VA WNY Healthcare System, 3495 Bailey Ave, Buffalo, NY, 14215, USA

    Gregory P. Beehler Ph.D., M.A. & Paul R. King Ph.D.

  2. School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Gregory P. Beehler Ph.D., M.A.

  3. School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Gregory P. Beehler Ph.D., M.A.

  4. VA Center for Integrated Healthcare, Syracuse VA Medical Center, Syracuse, NY, USA

    Jennifer S. Funderburk Ph.D., Michael Wade M.S. & Kyle Possemato Ph.D.

  5. Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA

    Jennifer S. Funderburk Ph.D. & Kyle Possemato Ph.D.

  6. Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA

    Jennifer S. Funderburk Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Gregory P. Beehler Ph.D., M.A.
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  2. Jennifer S. Funderburk Ph.D.
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  3. Paul R. King Ph.D.
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  4. Michael Wade M.S.
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  5. Kyle Possemato Ph.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gregory P. Beehler Ph.D., M.A..

Additional information

Implications

Research: Provider groups identified by the PPAQ can be used in future clinical effectiveness studies to determine if provider adherence moderates the effect of integrated care services on patient outcomes.

Policy: Policy makers and administrators can use the PPAQ to characterize the implementation status of integrated care programs by monitoring domains of provider practice.

Practice: Analysis of practice patterns using the PPAQ suggests that integrated care providers can benefit from additional training and quality improvement efforts that target interdisciplinary collaboration and adherence to a brief, time-limited treatment model.

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Beehler, G.P., Funderburk, J.S., King, P.R. et al. Using the Primary Care Behavioral Health Provider Adherence Questionnaire (PPAQ) to identify practice patterns. Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res. 5, 384–392 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13142-015-0325-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13142-015-0325-0

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