Abstract
The growing consumption of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and diesel releases greenhouse gases that ultimately deteriorate the air quality. Moreover, fossil fuels pose serious threats like global warming, ocean acidification, unusual climate change and ecosystem fluctuation to the environment and human health. Biofuel is a feasible and sustainable alternative to overcome the limitations of fossil fuels. Among all the biofuels, bioethanol is currently in trend. The industrial-scale bioethanol production is a time-consuming process due to the non-availability of potential techniques and instrumentation. The pretreatment of rigid and recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass to release fermentable sugars is crucial in the bioethanol production process. Conventionally it was done through physical, chemical and biological methods that demand high energy input, temperature, pressure, efficient organisms, expensive chemicals and solvents to loosen the compact structure of the raw materials. All these methods are sophisticated and expensive which results in the formation of harmful and inhibitory compounds and may also cause equipment corrosion. In this context, the introduction of nanotechnology in bioethanol production has shown improvement on a large scale. The small size, sturdiness and high surface to volume ratio of nanoparticles make them suitable for application in bioethanol production. Thus, the current review provides an insight into the role of nanotechnology in the various steps of the bioethanol production process. The paper will focus on the application of various nanomaterials and nanobiocatalyst in boosting the conversion of rigid lignocellulosic feedstock into fermentable sugar and facilitating the extent of reaction during fermentation for higher bioethanol yield.
Graphical Abstract
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this present article.
Code Availability
Not applicable.
References
Chandel, A.K., Rudravaram, R., Narasu, M.L., Rao, V., Ravindra, P.: Economics and environmental impacts of bioethanol production technologies: an appraisal. Biotechnol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2, 014–032 (2007)
Schenk, P.M., Thomas-Hall, S.R., Stephens, E., Marx, U.C., Mussgnug, J.H., Posten, C., Kruse, O., Hankamer, B.: Second generation biofuels: high-efficiency microalgae for biodiesel production. Bioenerg. Res. 1, 20–43 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-008-9008-8
Balat, M., Balat, H., Öz, C.: Progress in bioethanol processing. Prog. Energ. Combust. 34, 551–573 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2007.11.001
Elahi, A., Rehman, A.: Bioconversion of hemicellulosic materials into ethanol by yeast, Pichia kudriavzevii 2-KLP1, isolated from industrial waste. Rev. Argent. Microbiol. 50, 417–425 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2017.07.008
El-Naggar, N.E., Deraz, S., Khalil, A.: Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks based on enzymatic hydrolysis: current status and recent developments. Biotechnology 13, 1–21 (2014). https://doi.org/10.3923/biotech.2014.1.21
Afifi, M.M.I., Massoud, O.N., El-Akasher, Y.S.: Bioethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation using pretreated rice straw. Sciences 5, 769–776 (2015)
Brennan, L., Owende, P.: Biofuels from micro-algae-a review of technologies for production, pro-cessing, and extractions of biofuels and co-products. Renew. Sustain. Energy. Rev. 14, 557–577 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.10.009
Prasad, S., Singh, A., Jain, N., Joshi, H.C.: Ethanol production from sweet sorghum syrup for utilization as automotive fuel in India. Energy Fuels 21, 2415–2420 (2007)
Prasad, S., Singh, A., Joshi, H.C.: Ethanol as an alternative fuel from agricultural, industrial and urban residues. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 50, 1–39 (2007)
Singh, A., Pant, D., Korres, N.E., Nizami, A.S., Prasad, S., Murphy, J.D.: Key issues in life cycle assessment of ethanol production from ligno-cellulosic biomass: challenges and perspectives. Bioresour. Technol. 101, 5003–5012 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.11.062
Singh, A., Smyth, B.M., Murphy, J.D.: A biofuel strategy for Ireland with an emphasis on production of biomethane and minimization of land-take. Renew. Sustain. Energy. Rev. 14, 277–288 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.004
Rodríguez-Couto, S.: Green nanotechnology for biofuel production. In: Srivastava, N., Srivastava, M., Mishra, P., Upadhyay, S., Ramteke, P., Gupta, V. (eds) Sustainable Approaches for Biofuels Production Technologies. Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies, vol. 7. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94797-6_4
Kushwaha, D., Upadhyay, S.N., Mishra, P.K.: Nanotechnology in bioethanol/biobutanol production. In: Srivastava, N., Srivastava, M., Pandey, H., Mishra, P., Ramteke, P., Gupta, V. (eds.) Green Nanotechnology for Biofuel Production. Biofuel Biorefinery Technologies, pp. 115–127. Springer, Cham (2018).
Chakraborty, R., Mukhopadhyay, P.: Green fuel blending: a pollution reduction approach. In: Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.11019-7
Rajmani, R.: Biofuels as an alternative energy source for sustainability. Adv. Biotechnol. Microbiol. 14, 555894 (2019). https://doi.org/10.19080/AIBM.2019.14.555894
Bhadana, B., Chauhan, M.: Bioethanol production using Saccharomyces cerevisiae with different perspectives: substrates, growth variables, inhibitor reduction and immobilization. Ferment. Technol. (2016). https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-7972.1000131
Dodo, C.M., Mamphweli, S., Okoh, O.: Bioethanol production from lignocellulosic sugarcane leaves and tops. J. Energy S. Afr. 28, 1–11 (2017). https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i3a2354
Wu, J., Elliston, A., Le Gall, G., Colquhoun, I.J., Collins, S.R., Wood, I.P., Dicks, J., Roberts, I.N., Waldron, K.W.: Optimising conditions for bioethanol production from rice husk and rice straw: effects of pre-treatment on liquor composition and fermentation inhibitors. Biotechnol. Biofuels. 11, 62 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-018-1062-7
Kumar, P., Barrett, D.M., Delwiche, M.J., Stroeve, P.: Methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 48, 3713–3729 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/ie801542g
Kumar, A.K., Sharma, S.: Recent updates on different methods of pretreatment of lignocellulosic feedstocks: a review. Bioresour. Bioprocess. 4, 7 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-017-0137-9
Wang, Y., Xia, Y.: Bottom-up and top-down approaches to the synthesis of monodispersed spherical colloids of low melting-point metals. Nano. Lett. 4, 2047–2050 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl048689j
Ahmed, M.: Nanomaterial synthesis. In: Ravin Narain (eds.) Polymer Science and Nanotechnology, pp. 361–399. Elsevier (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816806-6.00016-9
Kumar, Y., Yogeshwar, P., Bajpai, S., Jaiswal, P., Yadav, S., Pathak, D.P., Sonker, M., Tiwary, S.K.: Nanomaterials: stimulants for biofuels and renewables, yield and energy optimization. Mater. Adv. 2, 5318–5343 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/D1MA00538C
Zhang, X., Yan, S., Tyagi, R.D., Surampalli, R.Y.: Synthesis of nanoparticles by microorganisms and their application in enhancing microbiological reaction rates. Chemosphere 82, 489–494 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.10.023
Ealia, S.A.M., Saravanakumar, M.P.: A review on the classification, characterisation, synthesis of nanoparticles and their application. IOP Conf. Ser. 263, 032019 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/263/3/032019
Eroglu, E., Eggers, P.K., Winslade, M., Smith, S.M., Raston, C.L.: Enhanced accumulation of microalgal pigments using metal nanoparticle solutions as light filtering devices. Green. Chem. 15, 3155–3159 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3gc41291a
Contreras, J.E., Rodriguez, E., Taha-Tijerina, J.: Nanotechnology applications for electrical transformers—a review. Electr. Pow. Syst. Res. 143, 573–584 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2016.10.058
Sekoai, P.T., Ouma, C.N.M., Du Preez, S.P., Modisha, P., Engelbrecht, N., Bessarabov, D.G., Ghimire, A.: Application of nanoparticles in biofuels: an overview. Fuel 237, 380–397 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.10.030
Arenas-Cárdenas, P., López-López, A., Moeller-Chávez, G.E., León-Becerril, E.: Current pretreatments of lignocellulosic residues in the production of bioethanol. Waste. Biomass. Valoriz. 8, 161–181 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-016-9559-4
Beliya, E., Tiwari, S., Jadhav, S.K., Tiwari, K.L.: De-oiled rice bran as a source of bioethanol. Energy. Explor. Exploit. 31, 771–782 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1260/0144-5987.31.5.771
Takano, M., Hoshino, K.: Bioethanol production from rice straw by simultaneous Saccharification and fermentation with statistical optimized cellulase cocktail and fermenting fungus. Bioresour. Bioprocess. 5, 16 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40643-018-0203-y
Tiwari, S., Beliya, E., Vaswani, M., Khawase, K., Verma, D., Gupta, N., Paul, J.S., Jadhav, S.K.: Rice husk: a potent Lignocellulosic biomass for second generation bioethanol production from Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 13182. Waste. Biomass. Valoriz. 17, 1–9 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-022-01681-5
Dhandayuthapani, K., Kumar, P.S., Chia, W.Y., Chew, K.W., Karthik, V., Selvarangaraj, H., Selvakumar, P., Sivashanmugam, P., Show, P.L.: Bioethanol from hydrolysate of ultrasonic processed robust microalgal biomass cultivated in dairy wastewater under optimal strategy. Energy 244, 22604 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.122604
Arya, I., Poona, A., Dikshit, P.K., Pandit, S., Kumar, J., Singh, H.N., Jha, N.K., Rudayni, H.A., Chaudhary, A.A., Kumar, S.: Current trends and future prospects of nanotechnology in biofuel production. Catalysts 11, 1308 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11111308
Huang, J., Yu, C.: Determination of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content using near-infrared spectroscopy in flax fibre. Text. Res. J. 89, 4875–4883 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1177/0040517519843464
Jönsson, L.J., Martín, C.: Pretreatment of lignocellulose: formation of inhibitory by-products and strategies for minimizing their effects. Bioresour. Technol. 199, 103–112 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.009
Sharma, H.K., Xu, C., Qin, W.: Biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuels and bioproducts: an overview. Waste Biomass Valoriz. 10, 235–251 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-0059-y
Zoghlami, A., Paës, G.: Lignocellulosic biomass: understanding recalcitrance and predicting hydrolysis. Front. Chem. (2019). https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2019.00874
Fadeyi, A.E., Akiode, S.O., Emmanuel, S.A., Falayi, O.E.: Compositional analysis and characterization of lignocellulosic biomass from selected agricultural wastes. J. Sci. Math. Lett. 8, 48–56 (2020). https://doi.org/10.37134/jsml.vol8.1.6.2020
Garlapati, V.K., Chandel, A.K., Kumar, S.J., Sharma, S., Sevda, S., Ingle, A.P., Pant, D.: Circular economy aspects of lignin: towards a lignocellulose biorefinery. Renew. Sustain Energy Rev. 130, 109977 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.109977
Sankaran, R., Markandan, K., Khoo, K.S., Cheng, C., Leroy, E., Show, P.L.: The expansion of lignocellulose biomass conversion into bioenergy via nanobiotechnology. Front. Nanotechnol. 3, 793528 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3389/fnano.2021.793528
Palaniappan, K.: An overview of applications of nanotechnology in biofuel production. World. Appl. Sci. J. 35, 1305–1311 (2017). https://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2017.1305.1311
Osazuwa, C., Akinyosoye, F.: Comparative studies on production of bioethanol from rice straw using Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride as hydrolyzing agents. Microbiol. Res. J. Int. 28, 1–2 (2019). https://doi.org/10.9734/MRJI/2019/v28i330134
Kádár, Z., Schultz-Jensen, N., Jensen, J.S., Hansen, M.A., Leipold, F., Bjerre, A.B.: Enhanced ethanol production by removal of cutin and epicuticular waxes of wheat straw by plasma assisted pretreatment. Biomass. Bioenergy 81, 26–30 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.05.012
Trevorah, R.M., Othman, M.Z.: Alkali pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of Australian timber mill sawdust for biofuel production. J. Renew. Energy. 284250, 1–9 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/284250
Amores, I., Ballesteros, I., Manzanares, P., Sáez, F., Michelena, G., Ballesteros, M.: Ethanol production from sugarcane bagasse pretreated by steam explosion. Electron. J. Energy Environ. 1, 25–36 (2013). https://doi.org/10.7770/ejee-V1N1-art519
Alizadeh, H., Teymouri, F., Gilbert, T.I., Dale, B.E.: Pretreatment of switchgrass by ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX). Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 124, 1133–1141 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:124:1-3:1133
Wi, S.G., Choi, I.S., Kim, K.H., Kim, H.M., Bae, H.J.: Bioethanol production from rice straw by popping pretreatment. Biotechnol. Biofuels. 6, 166 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-6-166
Pooja, N.S., Sajeev, M.S., Jeeva, M.L., Padmaja, G.: Bioethanol production from microwave-assisted acid or alkali-pretreated agricultural residues of cassava using separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF). 3 Biotech 8, 69 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-018-1095-4
Vincent, M., Pometto, A.L., III., van Leeuwen, J.H.: Ethanol production via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of sodium hydroxide treated corn stover using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Gloeophyllum trabeum. Bioresour. Technol. 158, 1–6 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.083
Ajeet Kumar, S., Pushpa, A.: Saccarification by fungi and ethanol production by bacteria using Lignocellulosic materials. Int. Res. J. Pharm. 3, 411–414 (2012)
Nazarpour, F., Abdullah, D.K., Abdullah, N., Motedayen, N., Zamiri, R.: Biological pretreatment of rubberwood with Ceriporiopsis subvermispora for enzymatic hydrolysis and bioethanol production. BioMed. Res. Int. 268349, 1–9 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/268349
Baig, N., Kammakakam, I., Falath, W.: Nanomaterials: a review of synthesis methods, properties, recent progress, and challenges. Mater. Adv. 2, 1821–1871 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1039/D0MA00807A
Abid, N., Khan, A.M., Shujait, S., Chaudhary, K., Ikram, M., Imran, M., Haider, J., Khan, M., Khan, Q., Maqbool, M.: Synthesis of nanomaterials using various top-down and bottom-up approaches, influencing factors, advantages, and disadvantages: a review. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2021.102597
Yadav, T.P., Yadav, R.M., Singh, D.P.: Mechanical milling: a top-down approach for the synthesis of nanomaterials and nanocomposites. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2, 22–48 (2012). https://doi.org/10.5923/j.nn.20120203.01
Sportelli, M.C., Izzi, M., Volpe, A., Clemente, M., Picca, R.A., Ancona, A., Lugarà, P.M., Palazzo, G., Cioffi, N.: The pros and cons of the use of laser ablation synthesis for the production of silver nano-antimicrobials. Antibiotics 7, 67 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics7030067
Ayyub, P., Chandra, R., Taneja, P., Sharma, A.K., Pinto, R.: Synthesis of nanocrystalline material by sputtering and laser ablation at low temperatures. Appl. Phys. A 73, 67–73 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s003390100833
Wender, H., Migowski, P., Feil, A.F., Teixeira, S.R., Dupont, J.: Sputtering deposition of nanoparticles onto liquid substrates: recent advances and future trends. Coord. Chem. Rev. 257, 2468–2483 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2013.01.013
Bhaviripudi, S., Mile, E., Steiner, S.A., Zare, A.T., Dresselhaus, M.S., Belcher, A.M., Kong, J.: CVD synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes from gold nanoparticle catalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129, 1516–1517 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0673332
Rane, A.V., Kanny, K., Abitha, V.K., Thomas, S.: Methods for synthesis of nanoparticles and fabrication of nanocomposites. In: Bhagyaraj, S.M., Oluwafemi, O.S., Kalarikkal, N., Thomas, S. (eds.) In. Syn. Inorg. Nanomater., pp. 121–139. Woodhead Publishing (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/C2016-0-01718-7.
Khond, V.W., Kriplani, V.M.: Effect of nanofluid additives on performances and emissions of emulsified diesel and biodiesel fueled stationary CI engine: a comprehensive review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 59, 1338–1348 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.01.051
Kaur, P., Taggar, M.S., Kalia, A.: Characterization of magnetic nanoparticle–immobilized cellulases for enzymatic saccharification of rice straw. Biomass Convers. Bioref. 11, 955–969 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00628-x
Rai, M., dos Santos, J.C., Soler, M.F., Marcelino, P.R., Brumano, L.P., Ingle, A.P., Gaikwad, S., Gade, A., da Silva, S.S.: Strategic role of nanotechnology for production of bioethanol and biodiesel. Nanotechnol. Rev. 5, 231–250 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2015-0069
Wu, Q., Xie, X., Wang, Y., Roskilly, T.: Effect of carbon coated aluminum nanoparticles as additive to biodiesel-diesel blends on performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine. Appl. Energy 221, 597–604 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.03.157
Harmer, M.A., Junk, C., Rostovtsev, V., Carcani, L.G., Vickery, J., Schnepp, Z.: Synthesis and applications of superacids 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrafluoroethanesulfonic acid, supported on silica. Green. Chem. 9, 30–37 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1039/b607428f
Pena, L., Xu, F., Hohn, K.L., Li, J., Wang, D.: Propyl-sulfonic acid functionalized nanoparticles as catalyst for pretreatment of corn stover. J. Biomater. Nanobiotechnol. 5, 8–16 (2014). https://doi.org/10.4236/jbnb.2014.51002
Mosier, N.S., Ladisch, C.M., Ladisch, M.R.: Characterization of acid catalytic domains for cellulose hydrolysis and glucose degradation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 79, 610–618 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.10316
Peña, L., Ikenberry, M., Ware, B., Hohn, K.L., Boyle, D., Sun, X.S., Wang, D.: Cellobiose hydrolysis using acid-functionalized nanoparticles. Biotechnol. Bioprocess. Eng. 16, 1214–1222 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-011-0166-8
Pena, L., Ikenberry, M., Hohn, K.L., Wang, D.: Acid-functionalized nanoparticles for pretreatment of wheat straw. J. Biomater. Nanobiotechnol. 3, 342–352 (2012). https://doi.org/10.4236/jbnb.2012.33032
Gong, K., Chafin, S., Pennybaker, K., Fahey, D., Subramaniam, B.: Economic and environmental impact analyses of solid acid catalyzed isoparaffin/olefin alkylation in supercritical carbon dioxide. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 47, 9072–9080 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1021/ie800399s
Onda, A., Ochi, T., Yanagisawa, K.: Selective hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose over solid acid catalysts. Green. Chem 10, 1033–1037 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1039/b808471h
Shimizu, F.L., Monteiro, P.Q., Ghiraldi, P.H.C., Melati, R.B., Pagnocca, F.C., de Souza, W., Anna, C.S., Brienzo, M.: Acid, alkali and peroxide pretreatments increase the cellulose accessibility and glucose yield of banana pseudostem. Ind. Crops. Prod. 115, 62–68 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.02.024
Lai, D.M., Deng, L., Guo, Q.X., Fu, Y.: Hydrolysis of biomass by magnetic solid acid. Energy. Environ. Sci. 4, 3552–3557 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1039/C1EE01526E
Wang, H., Covarrubias, J., Prock, H., Wu, X., Wang, D., Bossmann, S.H.: Acid-functionalized magnetic nanoparticle as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel synthesis. J. Phys. Chem. 119, 26020–26028 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b08743
Wang, W., Ji, S., Lee, I.: Fast and efficient nanoshear hybrid alkaline pretreatment of corn stover for biofuel and materials production. Biomass. Bioenerg. 51, 35–42 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.12.037
Ji, S., Lee, I.: Impact of cationic polyelectrolyte on the nanoshear hybrid alkaline pretreatment of corn stover: morphology and saccharification study. Bioresour. Technol. 133, 45–50 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.128
Ingle, A.P., Chandel, A.K., Antunes, F.A., Rai, M., da Silva, S.S.: New trends in application of nanotechnology for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. Biofpr 13, 776–788 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.1965
Iranmahboob, J., Nadim, F., Monemi, S.: Optimizing acid-hydrolysis: a critical step for production of ethanol from mixed wood chips. Biomass Bioenerg. 22, 401–404 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00016-8
Sakai, S., Tsuchida, Y., Okino, S., Ichihashi, O., Kawaguchi, H., Watanabe, T., Inui, M., Yukawa, H.: Effect of lignocellulose-derived inhibitors on growth of and ethanol production by growth-arrested Corynebacterium glutamicum R. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73, 2349–2353 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02880-06
Singhvi, M., Kim, B.S.: Current developments in lignocellulosic biomass conversion into biofuels using nanobiotechology approach. Energies 13, 5300 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/en13205300
Rai, M., Ingle, A.P., Pandit, R., Paralikar, P., Biswas, J.K., da Silva, S.S.: Emerging role of nanobiocatalysts in hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass leading to sustainable bioethanol production. Catal. Rev. Sci. Eng. 61, 1–26 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/01614940.2018.1479503
Vaghari, H., Jafarizadeh-Malmiri, H., Mohammadlou, M., Berenjian, A., Anarjan, N., Jafari, N., Nasiri, S.: Application of magnetic nanoparticles in smart enzyme immobilization. Biotechnol. Lett. 38, 223–233 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-015-1977-z
Yallappa, S., Manjanna, J., Sindhe, M.A., Satyanarayan, N.D., Pramod, S.N., Nagaraja, K.: Microwave assisted rapid synthesis and biological evaluation of stable copper nanoparticles using T. arjuna bark extract. Spectrochim. Acta A 110, 108–115 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.005
Rosenau, T., Potthast, A., Sixta, H., Kosma, P.: The chemistry of side reactions and byproduct formation in the system NMMO/cellulose (Lyocell process). Prog. Polym. Sci. 26, 1763–1837 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6700(01)00023-5
Srivastava, N., Singh, J., Ramteke, P.W., Mishra, P.K., Srivastava, M.: Improved production of reducing sugars from rice straw using crude cellulase activated with Fe3O4/Alginate nanocomposite. Bioresour. Technol. 183, 262–266 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.059
Baskar, G., Kumar, R.N., Melvin, X.H., Aiswarya, R., Soumya, S.: Sesbania aculeate biomass hydrolysis using magnetic nanobiocomposite of cellulase for bioethanol production. Renew. Energy 98, 23–28 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.04.035
Zdarta, J., Meyer, A.S., Jesionowski, T., Pinelo, M.A.: General overview of support materials for enzyme immobilization: characteristics, properties, practical utility. Catalysts 8, 92 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8020092
Rebroš, M., Rosenberg, M., Stloukal, R., Krištofíková, L.: High efficiency ethanol fermentation by entrapment of Zymomonas mobilis into LentiKats. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 41, 412–416 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2005.01770.x
Dolejš, I., Krasňan, V., Stloukal, R., Rosenberg, M., Rebroš, M.: Butanol production by immobilised Clostridium acetobutylicum in repeated batch, fed-batch, and continuous modes of fermentation. Bioresour. Technol. 169, 723–730 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.07.039
Gajula, C., Chandel, A.K., Konakalla, R., Rudravaram, R., Pogaku, R., Mangamoori, L.N.: Fermentation of groundnut shell enzymatic hydrolysate for fuel ethanol production by free and sorghum stalks immobilized cells of Pichia stipitis NCIM 3498. Int. J. Chem. React. Eng. (2011). https://doi.org/10.1515/1542-6580.2514
Le, H.D., Thanonkeo, P., Le, V.V.M.: Impact of high temperature on ethanol fermentation by Kluyveromyces marxianus immobilized on banana leaf sheath pieces. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 171, 806–816 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-013-0411-z
Liu, J., Chen, S., Ding, J., Xiao, Y., Han, H., Zhong, G.: Sugarcane bagasse as support for immobilization of Bacillus pumilus HZ-2 and its use in bioremediation of mesotrione-contaminated soils. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 99, 10839–10851 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6935-0
Zhang, Y., Ma, Y., Yang, F., Zhang, C.: Continuous acetone–butanol–ethanol production by corn stalk immobilized cells. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 36, 1117–1121 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-009-0582-3
Survase, S.A., van Heiningen, A., Granström, T.: Continuous bio-catalytic conversion of sugar mixture to acetone–butanol–ethanol by immobilized Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 792. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 93, 2309–2316 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3761-x
Riansa-ngawong, W., Suwansaard, M., Prasertsan, P.: Application of palm pressed fiber as a carrier for ethanol production by Candida shehatae TISTR5843. Electron J. Biotechnol. 15, 1 (2012). https://doi.org/10.2225/vol15-issue6-fulltext-1
Rakin, M., Mojovic, L., Nikolic, S., Vukasinovic, M., Nedovic, V.: Bioethanol production by immobilized Sacharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus cells. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 8, 464–471 (2009)
Borovikova, D., Scherbaka, R., Patmalnieks, A., Rapoport, A.: Effects of yeast immobilization on bioethanol production. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 61, 33–39 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.1158
DiCosimo, R., McAuliffe, J., Poulose, A.J., Bohlmann, G.: Industrial use of immobilized enzymes. Chem. Soc. Rev. 42, 6437–6474 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcat.2019.110607
Huang, P.J., Chang, K.L., Hsieh, J.F., Chen, S.T.: Catalysis of rice straw hydrolysis by the combination of immobilized cellulase from Aspergillus niger on β-cyclodextrin-Fe3O4 nanoparticles and ionic liquid. BioMed. Res. Int. 2015, 409 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/409103
Sankar, M.K., Ravikumar, R., Kumar, M.N., Sivakumar, U.: Development of co-immobilized tri-enzyme biocatalytic system for one-pot pretreatment of four different perennial lignocellulosic biomass and evaluation of their bioethanol production potential. Bioresour. Technol. 269, 227–236 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.091
Cherian, E., Dharmendira Kumar, M., Baskar, G.: Immobilization of cellulase onto MnO2 nanoparticles for bioethanol production by enhanced hydrolysis of agricultural waste. Chin. J. Catal. 36, 1223–1229 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(15)60906-8
Verma, M.L., Kumar, S., Das, A., Randhawa, J.S., Chamundeeswari, M.: Chitin and chitosan-based support materials for enzyme immobilization and biotechnological applications. Environ. Chem. Lett. 18, 315–323 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-019-00942-5
Abraham, R.E., Verma, M.L., Barrow, C.J., Puri, M.: Suitability of magnetic nanoparticle immobilised cellulases in enhancing enzymatic saccharification of pretreated hemp biomass. Biotechnol. Biofuels 7, 1–12 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-7-90
Chaturvedi, S., Dave, P.N., Shah, N.K.: Applications of nano-catalyst in new era. J. Saudi Chem. Soc. 16, 307–325 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2011.01.015
Pan, X., Fan, Z., Chen, W., Ding, Y., Luo, H., Bao, X.: Enhanced ethanol production inside carbon-nanotube reactors containing catalytic particles. Nat. Mater. 7, 507–511 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1916
Qin, L., Zhao, X., Li, W.C., Zhu, J.Q., Liu, L., Li, B.Z., Yuan, Y.J.: Process analysis and optimization of simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation of ethylenediamine-pretreated corn stover for ethanol production. Biotechnol. Biofuels 11, 1–10 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-018-1118-8
Dahnum, D., Tasum, S.O., Triwahyuni, E., Nurdin, M., Abimanyu, H.: Comparison of SHF and SSF processes using enzyme and dry yeast for optimization of bioethanol production from empty fruit bunch. Energy Procedia. 68, 107–116 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.03.23
Saha, B.C., Cotta, M.A.: Enzymatic saccharification and fermentation of alkaline peroxide pretreated rice hulls to ethanol. Enzyme. Microb. Technol. 41, 528–532 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2007.04.006
Chandel, A.K., Singh, O.V., Narasu, M.L., Rao, L.V.: Bioconversion of Saccharum spontaneum (wild sugarcane) hemicellulosic hydrolysate into ethanol by mono and co-cultures of Pichia stipitis NCIM3498 and thermotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae-VS3. New. Biotechnol. 28, 593–599 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2010.12.002
Ban, D.K., Paul, S.: Zinc oxide nanoparticles modulates the production of β-glucosidase and protects its functional state under alcoholic condition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 173, 155–166 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-0825-2
Sanusi, I.A., Suinyuy, T.N., Lateef, A., Kana, G.E.: Effect of nickel oxide nanoparticles on bioethanol production: process optimization, kinetic and metabolic studies. Process Biochem. 92, 386–400 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2020.01.029
Sirajunnisa, A.R., Surendhiran, D.: Nanosilver fabrication mediated by exopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas fluorescens and its biological activities. Am. J. Pharm. Tech. Res. 5, 728–742 (2014)
Akbarzadeh, A., Samiei, M., Davaran, S.: Magnetic nanoparticles: preparation, physical properties, and applications in biomedicine. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 7, 1–3 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-7-144
Gupta, K., Chundawat, T.S.: Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Fusarium oxysporum to enhance bioethanol production from rice-straw. Biomass. Bioenerg. 143, 105840 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2020.105840
Kim, Y.K., Lee, H.: Use of magnetic nanoparticles to enhance bioethanol production in syngas fermentation. Bioresour. Technol. 204, 139–144 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.001
Kim, Y.K., Park, S.E., Lee, H., Yun, J.Y.: Enhancement of bioethanol production in syngas fermentation with Clostridium ljungdahlii using nanoparticles. Bioresour. Technol. 159, 446–450 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.046
Ivanova, V., Petrova, P., Hristov, J.: Application in the ethanol fermentation of immobilized yeast cells in matrix of alginate/magnetic nanoparticles, on chitosan-magnetite microparticles and cellulose-coated magnetic nanoparticles. Int. Rev. Chem. Eng. 3, 289–299 (2011)
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge DST-FIST for financial support to School of studies in Biotechnology Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur, Chhattisgarh Raipur, Chhattisgarh (Sanction No. 2384/IFD/2014–15, dated July 31, 2014).
Funding
Not applicable.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Idea for the article: DV and SKJ; Literature search and data analysis: JSP; Editing and drafting: ST and DV; All author read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest in any part of the study.
Ethical Approval
Not applicable.
Consent to Participate
Not applicable.
Consent for Publication
Not applicable.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Verma, D., Paul, J.S., Tiwari, S. et al. A Review on Role of Nanomaterials in Bioconversion of Sustainable Fuel Bioethanol. Waste Biomass Valor 13, 4651–4667 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-022-01843-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-022-01843-5