Abstract
Beauveria bassiana, a representative entomopathogenic fungus, is increasingly being utilized as an eco-friendly pest management alternative to chemical insecticides. This fungus produces a range of insecticidal secondary metabolites that act as antimicrobial and immunosuppressive agents. However, detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis related to these compounds remains scarce, we developed a method for the rapid analysis of these metabolites. Eight secondary metabolites (bassianin, bassianolide, beauvericin, beauveriolide I, enniatin A, A1, and B, and tenellin) were efficiently extracted when B. bassiana-infected Tenebrio molitor larvae were ground in 70% EtOH extraction solvent and subsequently subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30 min. The eight metabolites were rapidly and simultaneously analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS). Bassianolide (20.6–51.1 µg/g) and beauvericin (63.6–109.8 µg/g) were identified as the main metabolites in B. basssiana-infected larvae, indicating that they are likely major toxins of B. bassiana. Validation of the method exhibited recovery rates in the range of 80–115% and precision in the range of 0.1–8.0%, indicating no significant interference from compounds in the matrix. We developed a method to rapidly analyze eight insecticidal metabolites using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS. This can be extensively utilized for detecting and producing insecticidal fungal secondary metabolites.
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23 December 2023
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-023-00516-z
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Acknowledgements
We express our appreciation to Professor Su Dong Woo for providing the B. bassiana 331R strain and to Professor Jae Su Kim for supplying the T. molitor larvae.
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This study was supported by the World Institute of Kimchi (KE2301-1-2) which is funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea, and by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, and Forestry (IPET) through the Agricultural Machinery/Equipment Localization Technology Development Program, which is funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) (321054-05).
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JCK: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis and investigation, writing—original draft preparation; IMH: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis and investigation, writing—original draft preparation; HMK: methodology, writing—review and editing; SK: methodology, formal analysis and investigation; TSS: conceptualization, writing—review and editing; SDW: writing—review and editing, resources; and HWP: writing—review and editing, funding acquisition, supervision.
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Kim, JC., Hwang, I.M., Kim, H.M. et al. Rapid analysis of insecticidal metabolites from the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana 331R using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS. Mycotoxin Res 40, 123–132 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-023-00509-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12550-023-00509-y