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Speciation of heavy metals and evaluation of their ecological risk impact on salt-affected wetland soil

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Abstract

The most recent research has shown that the saline soil in Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan (southwestern Pakistan), was contaminated with trace and toxic metal concentrations above background levels. Therefore, the potential environmental hazards associated with the availability of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn in this environment are of high ecological value. The mean values for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were found in the range of 1.01–3.26, 18.6–29.1, 5.07–13.6, 122–191, 4.01–9.99, and 170–193 μg/g in wetland metal-contaminated saline soil, respectively. The validation of the method was carried out by analysis of certified reference material; Community Bureau of Reference-483 (BCR-483) showed the percentage recovery > 98% in each case. The contamination factor (Cf), potential ecological risk factor (PERI), toxic response factor (Trf), degree of contamination (Dc), and potential ecological risk index (RI) showed that BS1 and BS3 contain more contamination of heavy metals. According to environmental risk analysis for heavy elements studies, the metal-polluted area of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan, poses a high to moderate ecological danger.

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Data Availability

The data of risk assessment indicated that Cd may have high ecological risk whilst Cr and Pb showed negligible ecological risk. Similarly, a high degree of contamination revealed that the risk of studied soil ranged between moderate and very high.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, 76080, Pakistan

    Muhammad Waris, Jameel Ahmed Baig, Farah Naz Talpur, Tasneem Gul Kazi & Hassan Imran Afridi

  2. Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University Ankara, 06100, Ankara, Turkey

    Muhammad Waris

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  1. Muhammad Waris
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  2. Jameel Ahmed Baig
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Contributions

Muhammad Waris and Jameel Ahmed Baig conceived the idea. Farah Naz Talpur and Tasneem Gul Kazi led the development and design of the manuscript and writing under the Shahnawaz Baloch. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Waris.

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Responsible Editor: Amjad Kallel

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Waris, M., Baig, J.A., Talpur, F.N. et al. Speciation of heavy metals and evaluation of their ecological risk impact on salt-affected wetland soil. Arab J Geosci 16, 573 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-023-11696-4

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