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Evaluation of Anti-hypertrophic Potential of Enicostemma littorale Blume on Isoproterenol Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy

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Abstract

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the anti-hypertrophic potential of the aqueous extract of Enicostemma littorale (E. littorale) against isoproterenol induced cardiac hypertrophic rat models (male albino Wistar rats) through biochemical investigations. Aqueous extract of E. littorale known for various beneficial properties was administered (100 mg/kg, 12 days, oral) to isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiac hypertrophic rats (low ISO—60 mg/kg, 12 days and high ISO—100 mg/kg, 12 days, subcutaneous) and were compared with group that was treated with the reference drug, Losartan (10 mg kg, administered for 12 days, oral). The anti-hypertrophic effect of E. littorale was evaluated by analysing the morphometric indices of the heart, ECG tracings, changes in blood biochemical parameters viz., serum glucose, serum total protein, serum albumin, lipid profile, cardiac specific enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and LDH) and histopathological examination of the heart tissue. The results fundamentally revealed that the plant extract efficiently ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy induced by ISO injected in experimental rats. The outcomes of biochemical investigations of this study highlighted the association between the hypertrophic β-adrenergic receptor signalling (β-AR) and the 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)—peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) axis in the metabolism of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. This β-AR/AMPK-PGC1α signalling stem can serve as a key target in ameliorating cardiac hypertrophy through focus on its principal regulators. To add, we also propose that the glycoside, swertiamarin present in this plant with the reported anti-fibrotic potential in liver can be further isolated and evaluated for its anti-hypertrophic potential to treat cardiac hypertrophy.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the Botanical Survey of India, for providing the plant authentication. Thanks to PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research and PSG Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, Coimbatore, India and the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA), Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India for providing animal ethical clearance. We express gratitude for the services rendered by Ponmani & Co Pvt. Ltd., Coimbatore for the supply of Isoproterenol (Sigma) and Ratthan Labs, Coimbatore for the speedy preparation and examination of histopathological slides are appreciated.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, 641014, India

    V. A. Doss & Dharaniyambigai Kuberapandian

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Correspondence to V. A. Doss.

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This article does not contain any studies involving human participants performed by any of the authors. The study was approved by the PSG Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research), Coimbatore, India and the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA), Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India for providing animal ethical clearance (CPCSEA/No: 386/2018/IAEC).

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Doss, V.A., Kuberapandian, D. Evaluation of Anti-hypertrophic Potential of Enicostemma littorale Blume on Isoproterenol Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy. Ind J Clin Biochem 36, 33–42 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-019-0814-x

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