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Intumescence Injury in the Leaves of Russet Burbank Potato Plants is Mitigated by Calcium Nutrition

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Abstract

Many plants including potato, tobacco, tomato, and geraniums often develop intumescence (oedema) injury, which is observed exclusively on plants grown in controlled environments. Early studies have suggested a link between light quality and intumescence by showing UV and/or far-red light mitigation of injury. Here, we report that intumescence can be mitigated by calcium nutrition. Commercial cultivars of Solanum tuberosum L. cvs ‘Russet Burbank’ and ‘Atlantic’ were grown from in vitro shoot cultures in 20.4 L pots within a climate-controlled greenhouse. Plants were irrigated daily to excess with Peter’s Professional Peat Lite Special 20–10-20 fertilizer (0.52 g·L−1 tap water) supplemented with either 1 mM or 10 mM CaCl2·2H2O. We evaluated 13 replications from both potato cultivars and Ca2+ treatments. Intumescences were observed at about 32 days after calcium treatments began, exclusively on the upper and lower leaf surfaces of Russet Burbank. Upper canopy leaves of Russet Burbank showed approximately 65 and 5% intumescence injury for the 1 mM and 10 mM Ca2+ treatments, respectively. Average leaf calcium concentration was nearly double in the plants supplemented with 10 mM compared with 1 mM Ca2+. Tuber yield and foliage weight were higher in the plants supplemented with 10 mM Ca2+ as compared with 1 mM Ca2+ and suggests that intumescence injury reduced growth and partitioning. These data provide evidence that supplemental calcium can mitigate intumescence injury on susceptible cultivars of potato in controlled environments.

Resumen

Muchas plantas, incluyendo papa, tabaco, tomate y geranios, a menudo desarrollan daños por intumescencias (oedemas), que se observan exclusivamente en plantas que se cultivan en ambientes controlados. Estudios previos han sugerido un nexo entre calidad de la luz e intumescencia, mostrando mitigación del daño por UV y/o por rojo lejano. Aquí reportamos que se puede mitigar la intumescencia mediante nutrición con calcio. Las variedades comerciales de Solanum tuberosum L. “Russet Burbank” y “Atlantic” crecieron desde cultivo de ápices in vitro en recipientes de 2.4 L en un invernadero con clima controlado. Se regaron las plantas a diario a exceso con el fertilizante especial Peter’s Professional Peat Lite Special 20–10-20″ (0.52 g-L-1 agua de la llave) suplementada con 1 mM o 10 mM CaCl2·2H2O. Evaluamos 13 repeticiones tanto de las variedades de papa como de los tratamientos con Ca+. Se observaron las intumescencias cerca de los 32 días después de que iniciaron los tratamientos, exclusivamente en las superficies foliares superiores e inferiores de Russet Burbank. Las hojas de la parte superior del follaje de esta variedad mostraron aproximadamente 65% y 5% de daño por intumescencia con los tratamientos de 1 mM y 10 mM de Ca+, respectivamente. La concentración promedio de calcio en la hoja fue cercano al doble en las plantas suplementadas con 10 mM en comparación con las de 1 mM de Ca2+. El rendimiento de tubérculo y el peso del follaje fueron más altos en las plantas suplementadas con 10 mM de Ca2+ al compararlas con 1 mM Ca2+ y sugiere que el daño de intumescencia redujo el crecimiento y la redistribución. Estos datos suministran evidencia de que el calcio suplementario puede mitigar el daño de la intumescencia en las variedades susceptibles de papa en ambientes controlados.

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Acknowledgements

This paper is a portion of a thesis submitted by Justin Schabow in partial fulfillment of M.S. degree requirements. This research was supported by the College of Agricuture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.

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Correspondence to Jiwan P. Palta.

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Schabow, J.E., Palta, J.P. Intumescence Injury in the Leaves of Russet Burbank Potato Plants is Mitigated by Calcium Nutrition. Am. J. Potato Res. 96, 6–12 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-018-9682-9

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