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Synthetic Promoters: Designing the cis Regulatory Modules for Controlled Gene Expression

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Abstract

Designing the expression cassettes with desired properties remains the most important consideration of gene engineering technology. One of the challenges for predictive gene expression is the modeling of synthetic gene switches to regulate one or more target genes which would directly respond to specific chemical, environmental, and physiological stimuli. Assessment of natural promoter, high-throughput sequencing, and modern biotech inventory aided in deciphering the structure of cis elements and molding the native cis elements into desired synthetic promoter. Synthetic promoters which are molded by rearrangement of cis motifs can greatly benefit plant biotechnology applications. This review gives a glimpse of the manual in vivo gene regulation through synthetic promoters. It summarizes the integrative design strategy of synthetic promoters and enumerates five approaches for constructing synthetic promoters. Insights into the pattern of cis regulatory elements in the pursuit of desirable “gene switches” to date has also been reevaluated. Joint strategies of bioinformatics modeling and randomized biochemical synthesis are addressed in an effort to construct synthetic promoters for intricate gene regulation.

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Abbreviations

CaMV:

Cauliflower mosaic virus

GUS:

β-Glucuronidase

TF:

Transcription factor

ABA:

Abscisic acid

DBD:

DNA binding domain

UAR:

Upstream activating region

PBZ:

Probenazole

LRE:

Light responsive elements

TSS:

Transcription start site

PG:

Poly galacturonase

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Special Program for Research of Transgenic Plants (2016ZX08010-002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31601323, 31501366, 31401403), the Key Scientific and the Natural Science Foundation of Science Technology Department of Jilin Province (20170101015JC), Technological Project of Science Technology Department of Jilin Province (20150204027NY).

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  1. College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130118, People’s Republic of China

    Jameel Aysha, Muhammad Noman, Fawei Wang, Weican Liu, Yonggang Zhou, Haiyan Li & Xiaowei Li

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  1. Jameel Aysha
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Aysha, J., Noman, M., Wang, F. et al. Synthetic Promoters: Designing the cis Regulatory Modules for Controlled Gene Expression. Mol Biotechnol 60, 608–620 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-018-0089-0

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