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Biomedical Applications of Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles from Cyanobacteria: an Overview

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Abstract

Recently there had been a great interest in biologically synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) as potential therapeutic agents. The shortcomings of conventional non-biological synthesis methods such as generation of toxic byproducts, energy consumptions, and involved cost have shifted the attention towards green syntheses of NPs. Among noble metal NPs, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are the most extensively used ones, owing to the unique physicochemical properties. AuNPs have potential therapeutic applications, as those are synthesized with biomolecules as reducing and stabilizing agent(s). The green method of AuNP synthesis is simple, eco-friendly, non-toxic, and cost-effective with the use of renewable energy sources. Among all taxa, cyanobacteria have attracted considerable attention as nano-biofactories, due to cellular uptake of heavy metals from the environment. The cellular bioactive pigments, enzymes, and polysaccharides acted as reducing and coating agents during the process of biosynthesis. However, cyanobacteria-mediated AuNPs have potential biomedical applications, namely, targeted drug delivery, cancer treatment, gene therapy, antimicrobial agent, biosensors, and imaging.

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Abbreviations

NP:

Nanoparticle

AuNP:

Gold nanoparticle

NIR:

Near infrared

SPR:

Surface plasmon resonance

PEGyl:

Polyethylene glycol

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared

HAuCl4 :

Chloroauric acid

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NADH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

EPS:

Extracellular polymeric substances or exopolysaccharide

H3N2:

Influenza A virus subtype

H1N1:

Swine flu

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

AIDS:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

AgNPs:

Silver nanoparticles

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

SVN:

Scytovirin

GRFT:

Griffithsin

HCV:

Hepatitis C

RV:

Rotavirus

CVB3:

Coxsackievirus B3

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Dean IMS and SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University (SOADU) for necessary facilities. This is a piece of work supported by SOADU, Fellowship No.1981611007/2019 to CP Mandhata.

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  1. Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed To Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Chinmayee Priyadarsani Mandhata, Chita Ranjan Sahoo & Rabindra Nath Padhy

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  1. Chinmayee Priyadarsani Mandhata
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  2. Chita Ranjan Sahoo
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  3. Rabindra Nath Padhy
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Correspondence to Rabindra Nath Padhy.

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Highlights

• Recent advances in biogenic synthesis of gold nanoparticles

• Structural integument of gold nanoparticles and cyanobacteria

• Biomedical application of synthesized gold nanoparticles

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Mandhata, C.P., Sahoo, C.R. & Padhy, R.N. Biomedical Applications of Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles from Cyanobacteria: an Overview. Biol Trace Elem Res 200, 5307–5327 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-021-03078-2

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