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NIR Spectroscopy Applications for Internal and External Quality Analysis of Citrus Fruit—A Review

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Abstract

The global citrus industry is continually confronted by new technological challenges to meet the ever-increasing consumer awareness and demand for quality-assured fruit. To face these challenges, recent trend in agribusiness is declining reliance on subjective assessment of quality and increasing adoption of objective, quantitative and non-destructive techniques of quality assessment. Non-destructive instrument-based methods are preferred to destructive techniques because they allow the measurement and analysis of individual fruit, reduce waste and permit repeated measures on the same item over time. A wide range of objective instruments for sensing and measuring the quality attributes of fresh produce have been reported. Among non-destructive quality assessment techniques, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (NIRS) is arguably the most advanced with regard to instrumentation, applications, accessories and chemometric software packages. This paper reviews research progress on NIRS applications in internal and external quality measurement of citrus fruit, including the selection of NIR characteristics for spectra capture, analysis and interpretation. A brief overview on the fundamental theory, history, chemometrics of NIRS including spectral pre-processing methods, model calibration, validation and robustness is included. Finally, future prospects for NIRS-based imaging systems such as multispectral and hyperspectral imaging as well as optical coherence tomography as potential non-destructive techniques for citrus quality assessment are explored.

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Acknowledgements

This project was funded by the DST/NRF South African Research Chairs Initiative. The authors are also grateful to the Perishable Products Export Control Board and the South Africa/Flanders Research Cooperation Programme for financial support which made it possible to undertake the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Horticultural Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa

    Lembe S. Magwaza & Umezuruike Linus Opara

  2. Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa

    Umezuruike Linus Opara

  3. Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa

    Hélène Nieuwoudt

  4. Citrus Research International, Department of Horticultural Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa

    Paul J. R. Cronje

  5. VCBT-MeBioS, Biosystems Department, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium

    Wouter Saeys & Bart Nicolaï

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  1. Lembe S. Magwaza
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  2. Umezuruike Linus Opara
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  3. Hélène Nieuwoudt
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  4. Paul J. R. Cronje
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  6. Bart Nicolaï
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Correspondence to Umezuruike Linus Opara.

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Magwaza, L.S., Opara, U.L., Nieuwoudt, H. et al. NIR Spectroscopy Applications for Internal and External Quality Analysis of Citrus Fruit—A Review. Food Bioprocess Technol 5, 425–444 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-011-0697-1

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