Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Considering Adverse Effects of Common Antihypertensive Medications in the ED

  • Hypertension and Emergency Medicine (J Miller, Section Editor)
  • Published:
Current Hypertension Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

To evaluate the adverse effects of common antihypertensive agents utilized or encountered in the Emergency Department.

Recent Findings

All categories of antihypertensive agents may manifest adverse effects, inclusive of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), drug-to-drug interactions, or accidental overdose. Adverse effects, and specifically ADRs, may be stratified into the organ systems affected, might require specific time-sensitive interventions, could pose particular risks to vulnerable populations, and may result in significant morbidity, and potential mortality.

Summary

Adverse effects of common antihypertensive agents may be encountered in the ED, necessitating that ED systems of care are poised to prevent, recognize, and intervene when adverse effects arise.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance

  1. Sunshine JE, Meo N, Kassebaum NJ, Collison ML, Mokdad AH, Naghavi M. Association of adverse effects of medical treatment with mortality in the United States: a secondary analysis of the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(1):e187041. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.7041.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Gahr M, Eller J, Connemann BJ, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C. Subjective reasons for non-reporting of adverse drug reactions in a sample of physicians in outpatient care. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2016;49(2):57–61. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1569291.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Hazell L, Shakir SA. Under-reporting of adverse drug reactions: a systematic review. Drug Saf. 2006;29(5):385–96. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200629050-00003.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Shepherd G, Mohorn P, Yacoub K, May DW. Adverse drug reaction deaths reported in United States vital statistics, 1999–2006. Ann Pharmacother. 2012;46(2):169–75. https://doi.org/10.1345/aph.1P592.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Khalil H, Zeltser R. Antihypertensive Medications. [Updated 2023 May 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554579/. Accessed 27 June 2023.

  6. American Heart Association, Types of Blood Pressure Medications, Available from: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/changes-you-can-make-to-manage-high-blood-pressure/types-of-blood-pressure-medications. Accessed 27 June 2023.

  7. Kehrenberg MCA, Bachmann HS. Diuretics: a contemporary pharmacological classification? Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2022;395(6):619–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-022-02228-0.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Goyal A, Cusick AS, Thielemier B. ACE Inhibitors. [Updated 2022 Jul 12]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430896/. Accessed 27 June 2023.

  9. Triplett JD, Kutlubaev MA, Kermode AG, Hardy T. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES): diagnosis and management. Pract Neurol. 2022;22(3):183–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2021-003194.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Osswald A, Karmonik C, Anderson JR, Rengier F, Karck M, Engelke J, et al. Elevated wall shear stress in aortic type B dissection may relate to retrograde aortic type a dissection: a computational fluid dynamics pilot study. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2017;54(3):324–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2017.06.012.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Isselbacher EM, Preventza O, Hamilton Black J III, Augoustides JG, Beck AW, Bolen MA, et al. 2022 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Aortic Disease: A Report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;146(24):e334–482. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001106.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. • Collet JP, Thiele H, Barbato E, Barthélémy O, Bauersachs J, Bhatt DL, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(14):1289–367. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa575. Description: Europeancardiology guidelines.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. • Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, Adeoye OM, Bambakidis NC, Becker K, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019;50(12):e344–418. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000211. Description: Acute ischemic stroke guidelines of the ASA/AHA.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. • Greenberg SM, Ziai WC, Cordonnier C, Dowlatshahi D, Francis B, Goldstein JN, et al. 2022 guideline for the management of patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2022;53(7):e282–361. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000407. Description: Intracerebral hemorrhage guidelines from the AHA/ASA.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. • Hoh BL, Ko NU, Amin-Hanjani S, Hsiang-Yi Chou S, Cruz-Flores S, Dangayach NS, et al. 2023 guideline for the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2023;54(7):e314–70. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000436. Description: Subarachnoid hemorrhage guidelines from th eAHA/ASA.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Masarone D, Martucci ML, Errigo V, Pacileo G. The use of β-blockers in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2021;8(9):101. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8090101.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Teerlink JR, Alburikan K, Metra M, Rodgers JE. Acute decompensated heart failure update. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2015;11(1):53–62. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573403x09666131117174414.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Palmer BF. Metabolic complications associated with use of diuretics. Semin Nephrol. 2011;31(6):542–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semnephrol.2011.09.009.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Greenberg A. Diuretic complications. Am J Med Sci. 2000;319(1):10–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Tomson C, Tomlinson LA. Stopping RAS inhibitors to minimize AKI: more harm than good? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019;14(4):617–9. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.14021118.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Wright AA, Vesta KS, Stark JE, Smith WJ. Stevens-Johnson syndrome associated with furosemide: a case report. J Pharm Pract. 2010;23(4):367–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0897190010362260.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. James J, Sammour YM, Virata AR, Nordin TA, Dumic I. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome secondary to furosemide: case report and review of literature. Am J Case Rep. 2018;19:163–70. https://doi.org/10.12659/ajcr.907464.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Chaabane A, Fadhl NB, Chadly Z, Fredj NB, Boughattas NA, Aouam K. Captopril-induced DRESS: first reported case confirmed by patch test. Dermatitis. 2013;24(5):255–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/DER.0b013e3182a5d86d.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Vadas P. Hydrochlorothiazide-induced systemic capillary leak. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38(6):1299.e1-1299.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.02.029.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Friedman GD, Asgari MM, Warton EM, Chan J, Habel LA. Antihypertensive drugs and lip cancer in non-Hispanic whites. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(16):1246–51. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2012.2754.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Kostis WJ, Shetty M, Chowdhury YS, Kostis JB. ACE Inhibitor-induced angioedema: a review. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018;20(7):55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-018-0859-x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Brown T, Gonzalez J, Monteleone C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angioedema: a review of the literature. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2017;19(12):1377–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13097.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. He Y, Sawalha AH. Drug-induced lupus erythematosus: an update on drugs and mechanisms. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2018;30(5):490–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/BOR.0000000000000522.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. Vaglio A, Grayson PC, Fenaroli P, Gianfreda D, Boccaletti V, Ghiggeri GM, et al. Drug-induced lupus: traditional and new concepts. Autoimmun Rev. 2018;17(9):912–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2018.03.016.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Reza MJ, Dornfeld L, Goldberg LS. Hydralazine therapy in hypertensive patients with idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 1975;18(4):335–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.1780180407.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Pinto B, Jadhav U, Singhai P, Sadhanandham S, Shah N. ACEI-induced cough: a review of current evidence and its practical implications for optimal CV risk reduction. Indian Heart J. 2020;72(5):345–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2020.08.007.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Yılmaz İ. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors induce cough. Turk Thorac J. 2019;20:36–42. https://doi.org/10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2018.18014.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Bennett M, Chang CL, Tatley M, Savage R, Hancox RJ. The safety of cardioselective β1-blockers in asthma: literature review and search of global pharmacovigilance safety reports. ERJ Open Res. 2021;7(1):00801–2020. https://doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00801-2020.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Biron P, Dessureault J, Napke E. Acute allergic interstitial pneumonitis induced by hydrochlorothiazide. CMAJ. 1991;145(1):28–34. PMID: 2049694; PMCID: PMC1335560.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Campbell P, Baker WL, Bendel SD, White WB. Intravenous hydralazine for blood pressure management in the hospitalized patient: its use is often unjustified. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2011;5(6):473–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jash.2011.07.002.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Ghani GA, Sung YF, Weinstein MS, Tindall GT, Fleischer AS. Effects of intravenous nitroglycerin on the intracranial pressure and volume pressure response. J Neurosurg. 1983;58(4):562–5. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.1983.58.4.0562.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Immink RV, van den Born BJ, van Montfrans GA, Kim YS, Hollmann MW, van Lieshout JJ. Cerebral hemodynamics during treatment with sodium nitroprusside versus labetalol in malignant hypertension. Hypertension. 2008;52(2):236–40. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.110395.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Andrès E, Villalba NL, Zulfiqar AA, Serraj K, Mourot-Cottet R, Gottenberg AJ. State of art of idiosyncratic drug-induced neutropenia or agranulocytosis, with a focus on biotherapies. J Clin Med. 2019;8(9):1351. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091351.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Trimble MA, Sketch MH Jr, Mehta RH. Hemolytic anemia: a rare but potentially serious adverse effect of captopril. Herz. 2007;32(1):62–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-007-2956-5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Sica DA, Mannino R. Antihypertensive medications and anemia. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2007;9(9):723–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-6175.2007.06296.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Ho IW, Huang CC. Furosemide-induced haemolytic anaemia in an extreme elderly patient. ESC Heart Fail. 2023;10(2):1449–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.14299.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Keisu M, Wiholm BE, Ost A, Mortimer O. Acetazolamide-associated aplastic anaemia. J Intern Med. 1990;228(6):627–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00290.x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. • Carnovale C, Gringeri M, Battini V, Mosini G, Invernizzi E, Mazhar F, et al. Beta-blocker-associated hypoglycaemia: new insights from a real-world pharmacovigilance study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2021;87(8):3320–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14754. Description: discussion of beta-blocker associated hypoglycemia.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Dungan K, Merrill J, Long C, Binkley P. Effect of beta blocker use and type on hypoglycemia risk among hospitalized insulin requiring patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2019;18(1):163. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12933-019-0967-1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. Price AL, Lingvay I, Szczepaniak EW, Wiebel J, Victor RG, Szczepaniak LS. The metabolic cost of lowering blood pressure with hydrochlorothiazide. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2013;5(1):35. https://doi.org/10.1186/1758-5996-5-35.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Scheen AJ. Type 2 diabetes and thiazide diuretics. Curr Diab Rep. 2018;18(2):6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-018-0976-6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Malha L, Mann SJ. Loop diuretics in the treatment of hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2016;18(4):27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-016-0636-7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Lange RA, Cigarroa RG, Flores ED, McBride W, Kim AS, Wells PJ, et al. Potentiation of cocaine-induced coronary vasoconstriction by beta-adrenergic blockade. Ann Intern Med. 1990;112(12):897–903. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-112-12-897.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Garg MK, Kharb S, Brar KS, Gundgurthi A, Mittal R. Medical management of pheochromocytoma: role of the endocrinologist. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011;15(Suppl 4):S329–36. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.86976.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Richards JR, Hollander JE, Ramoska EA, Fareed FN, Sand IC, Izquierdo Gómez MM, et al. β-blockers, cocaine, and the unopposed α-stimulation phenomenon. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2017;22(3):239–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/1074248416681644.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Wilson T, Pitcher I, Bach P. Avoidance of β-blockers in patients who use stimulants is not supported by good evidence. CMAJ. 2022;194(4):E127–8. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.211347.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Bassotti G, Calcara C, Annese V, Fiorella S, Roselli P, Morelli A. Nifedipine and verapamil inhibit the sigmoid colon myoelectric response to eating in healthy volunteers. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41(3):377–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02237495.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Ueki T, Nakashima M. Relationship between constipation and medication. J UOEH. 2019;41(2):145–51. https://doi.org/10.7888/juoeh.41.145.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Juurlink DN, Hellings C, Gomes T, Huang A, Paterson JM, Urbach DR, et al. Canadian Drug Safety and Effectiveness Research Network (CDSERN). Extended-release nifedipine and the risk of intestinal obstruction: a population-based study. BMJ Open. 2014;4(7):e005377. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005377.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  55. Phillips W, Piller LB, Williamson JD, Whittle J, Jafri SZ, Ford CE, et al. Risk of hospitalized gastrointestinal bleeding in persons randomized to diuretic, ACE-inhibitor, or calcium-channel blocker in ALLHAT. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2013;15(11):825–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.12180.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Björnsson ES. Hepatotoxicity by drugs: the most common implicated agents. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(2):224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17020224.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Sharma M, Foge M, Mascarenhas D. A suspected case of hydralazine-induced hepatotoxicity: a case report and review of literature. Am J Case Rep. 2018;19:800–3. https://doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.909279.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Jones MR, Hall OM, Kaye AM, Kaye AD. Drug-induced acute pancreatitis: a review. Ochsner J. 2015;15(1):45–51.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Kaurich T. Drug-induced acute pancreatitis. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2008;21(1):77–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2008.11928366.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Johanning RJ, Zaske DE, Tschida SJ, Johnson SV, Hoey LL, Vance-Bryan K. A retrospective study of sodium nitroprusside use and assessment of the potential risk of cyanide poisoning. Pharmacotherapy. 1995;15(6):773–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Schulz V, Gross R, Pasch T, Busse J, Loeschcke G. Cyanide toxicity of sodium nitroprusside in therapeutic use with and without sodium thiosulphate. Klin Wochenschr. 1982;60(22):1393–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01716244.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Thomas C, Svehla L, Moffett BS. Sodium-nitroprusside-induced cyanide toxicity in pediatric patients. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2009;8(5):599–602. https://doi.org/10.1517/14740330903081717.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Rehman HU. Methemoglobinemia. West J Med. 2001;175(3):193–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.175.3.193.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. Bojar RM, Rastegar H, Payne DD, Harkness SH, England MR, Stetz JJ, et al. Methemoglobinemia from intravenous nitroglycerin: a word of caution. Ann Thorac Surg. 1987;43(3):332–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(10)60627-3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Karachalios GN, Charalabopoulos A, Papalimneou V, Karachalios GN, Charalabopoulos A, Papalimneou V, et al. Withdrawal syndrome following cessation of antihypertensive drug therapy. Int J Clin Pract. 2005;59(5):562–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.13685031.2005.00520.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Goldberg RM, Mabee J, Chan L, Wong S. Drug-drug and drug-disease interactions in the ED: analysis of a high-risk population. Am J Emerg Med. 1996;14(5):447–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-6757(96)90147-3.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Anand TV, Wallace BK, Chase HS. Prevalence of potentially harmful multidrug interactions on medication lists of elderly ambulatory patients. BMC Geriatr. 2021;21(1):648. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02594-z.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  68. Farmer BM, Hayes BD, Rao R, Farrell N, Nelson L. The role of clinical pharmacists in the emergency department. J Med Toxicol. 2018;14(1):114–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-017-0634-4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. •• American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) Clinical pharmacist services in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 2015;66:444–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2015.07.513. Description: ACEP statement regarding the crucial role of ED Clinical Pharmacists.

  70. Dopp JM, Agapitov AV, Sinkey CA, Haynes WG, Phillips BG. Sildenafil increases sympathetically mediated vascular tone in humans. Am J Hypertens. 2013;26(6):762–9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpt018.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Bhogal S, Khraisha O, Al Madani M, Treece J, Baumrucker SJ, Paul TK. Sildenafil for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Ther. 2019;26(4):e520–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/MJT.0000000000000766.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Cheitlin MD, Hutter AM Jr, Brindis RG, Ganz P, Kaul S, Russell RO Jr, et al. Use of sildenafil (Viagra) in patients with cardiovascular disease. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33(1):273–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00656-1.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Sharda SC, Bhatia MS. Comparison of diltiazem and metoprolol for atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate: systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian Heart J. 2022;74(6):494–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2022.10.195.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  74. Pea F. β-blockers and diltiazem combination-bear in mind the risk of heart block. JAMA Intern Med. 2017;177(10):1543–4. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.4765.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. January CT, Wann LS, Calkins H, Chen LY, Cigarroa JE, Cleveland JC Jr, et al. 2019 AHA/ACC/HRS focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(1):104–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.01.011.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. • Hindricks G, Potpara T, Dagres N, Arbelo E, Bax JJ, Blomström-Lundqvist C, et al. 2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS): the Task Force for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(5):373–498. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa612. Description: Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation, which also make a statement regarding overlapping use of beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Xiao SQ, Ibarra F Jr, Cruz M. Intravenous metoprolol versus diltiazem for rate control in atrial fibrillation. Ann Pharmacother. 2022;56(8):916–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/10600280211056356.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Correia MS, Whitehead E, Cantrell FL, Lasoff DR, Minns AB. A 10-year review of single medication double-dose ingestions in the nationʼs largest poison control system. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2019;57(1):31–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2018.1493205.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Truitt CA, Brooks DE, Dommer P, LoVecchio F. Outcomes of unintentional beta-blocker or calcium channel blocker overdoses: a retrospective review of poison center data. J Med Toxicol. 2012;8(2):135–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13181-011-0209-8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  80. Alhawassi TM, Krass I, Pont LG. Antihypertensive-related adverse drug reactions among older hospitalized adults. Int J Clin Pharm. 2018;40(2):428–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-017-0583-7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. O’Mahony D, O’Sullivan D, Byrne S, O’Connor MN, Ryan C, Gallagher P. STOPP/START criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people: version 2. Age Ageing. 2015;44(2):213–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu145.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Hill-Taylor B, Sketris I, Hayden J, Byrne S, O’Sullivan D, Christie R. Application of the STOPP/START criteria: a systematic review of the prevalence of potentially inappropriate prescribing in older adults, and evidence of clinical, humanistic and economic impact. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2013;38(5):360–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.12059.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. • Garovic VD, Dechend R, Easterling T, Karumanchi SA, McMurtry Baird S, Magee LA, et al. Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis, blood pressure goals, and pharmacotherapy: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2022;79(2):e21–41. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000208. Description: Scientific statement from the AHA/ASA on blood pressure management in pregnancy.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Duley L, Meher S, Jones L. Drugs for treatment of very high blood pressure during pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jul 31;2013(7):CD001449. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001449.pub3.

  85. Sinkey RG, Battarbee AN, Bello NA, Ives CW, Oparil S, Tita ATN. Prevention, diagnosis, and management of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a comparison of international guidelines. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2020;22(9):66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-020-01082-w.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  86. Cornette J, Buijs EA, Duvekot JJ, Herzog E, Roos-Hesselink JW, Rizopoulos D, et al. Hemodynamic effects of intravenous nicardipine in severely pre-eclamptic women with a hypertensive crisis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;47(1):89–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.14836.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Magee LA, Cham C, Waterman EJ, Ohlsson A, von Dadelszen P. Hydralazine for treatment of severe hypertension in pregnancy: meta-analysis. BMJ. 2003;327(7421):955–60. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7421.955.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  88. Giannubilo SR, Bezzeccheri V, Cecchi S, Landi B, Battistoni GI, Vitali P, et al. Nifedipine versus labetalol in the treatment of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012;286(3):637–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-012-2371-x.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Yin J, Mei Z, Shi S, Du P, Qin S. Nifedipine or amlodipine? The choice for hypertension during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2022;306(6):1891–900. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-022-06504-5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. de Bruin R, van Dalen SL, Franx SJ, Ramaswamy VV, Simons SHP, Flint RB, et al. The risk for neonatal hypoglycemia and bradycardia after beta-blocker use during pregnancy or lactation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(15):9616. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159616.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  91. Gu A, Yue Y, Desai RP, Argulian E. Racial and ethnic differences in antihypertensive medication use and blood pressure control among US adults with hypertension: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2003 to 2012. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10(1): e003166. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.003166.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Waldron FA, Benenson I, Jones-Dillon SA, Zinzuwadia SN, Adeboye AM, Eris E, Mbadugha NE, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for hypertensive crisis in a predominantly African American inner-city community. Blood Press. 2019;28(2):114–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/08037051.2019.1568183.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Lu Y, Wang Y, Spatz ES, Onuma O, Nasir K, Rodriguez F, et al. National trends and disparities in hospitalization for acute hypertension among medicare beneficiaries (1999–2019). Circulation. 2021;144(21):1683–93. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057056.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Vyas DA, Eisenstein LG, Jones DS. Hidden in plain sight - reconsidering the use of race correction in clinical algorithms. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(9):874–82. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMms2004740.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. •• Tsai JW, Cerdeña JP, Goedel WC, Asch WS, Grubbs V, Mendu ML, et al. Evaluating the impact and rationale of race-specific estimations of kidney function: estimations from U.S. NHANES, 2015–2018. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;42:101197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101197. Description: Article evaluating the influence of the renal race-modifier and is credited for changing policy at UNOS transplantation centers.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 464 Congress Ave., Suite 260, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA

    Charles R. Wira III, Thomas Kearns, Alex Fleming-Nouri, John D. Tyrrell & Ani Aydin

  2. Yale Acute Stroke Program, Section of Vascular Neurology, Department of Neurology, New Haven, CT, USA

    Charles R. Wira III

  3. Yale School of Nursing, Yale University, Orange, CT, USA

    Christina M. Wira

  4. Section of Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Ani Aydin

  5. Department of Pharmacy, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA

    John D. Tyrrell

Authors
  1. Charles R. Wira III
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Thomas Kearns
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Alex Fleming-Nouri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. John D. Tyrrell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Christina M. Wira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ani Aydin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Charles R. Wira III.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wira, C.R., Kearns, T., Fleming-Nouri, A. et al. Considering Adverse Effects of Common Antihypertensive Medications in the ED. Curr Hypertens Rep (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-024-01304-5

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-024-01304-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation