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Brain Angiotensin Type-1 and Type-2 Receptors in Physiological and Hypertensive Conditions: Focus on Neuroinflammation

  • Secondary Hypertension: Nervous System Mechanisms (M Wyss, Section Editor)
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Abstract

Purpose of Review

To review recent data that suggest opposing effects of brain angiotensin type-1 (AT1R) and type-2 (AT2R) receptors on blood pressure (BP). Here, we discuss recent studies that suggest pro-hypertensive and pro-inflammatory actions of AT1R and anti-hypertensive and anti-inflammatory actions of AT2R. Further, we propose mechanisms for the interplay between brain angiotensin receptors and neuroinflammation in hypertension.

Recent Findings

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in regulating cardiovascular physiology. This includes brain AT1R and AT2R, both of which are expressed in or adjacent to brain regions that control BP. Activation of AT1R within those brain regions mediate increases in BP and cause neuroinflammation, which augments the BP increase in hypertension. The fact that AT1R and AT2R have opposing actions on BP suggests that AT1R and AT2R may have similar opposing actions on neuroinflammation. However, the mechanisms by which brain AT1R and AT2R mediate neuroinflammatory responses remain unclear.

Summary

The interplay between brain angiotensin receptor subtypes and neuroinflammation exacerbates or protects against hypertension.

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Acknowledgements

This was supported by the following National Institutes of Health Grants: R01HL136595(EGK and CS), R35HL150750 (EGK), R01HL139868 (EGK), and R01HL145028 (AdK).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Khalid Elsaafien & Eric G. Krause

  2. Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Annette D. de Kloet & Colin Sumners

  3. Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Annette D. de Kloet, Eric G. Krause & Colin Sumners

  4. Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Annette D. de Kloet, Eric G. Krause & Colin Sumners

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  1. Khalid Elsaafien
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Elsaafien, K., de Kloet, A.D., Krause, E.G. et al. Brain Angiotensin Type-1 and Type-2 Receptors in Physiological and Hypertensive Conditions: Focus on Neuroinflammation. Curr Hypertens Rep 22, 48 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-020-01062-0

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