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Observing the response of environmental and economic performances to tourism in light of structural changes

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Abstract

In the current study, we explored the asymmetric impact of structural changes and tourism activities on economic performance and carbon emissions in selected economies of the Asian region from 1995 to 2020. Our findings say that the long-run estimates of positive shock in tourism are positively significant in China and India. Conversely, the estimated coefficient of negative shock in tourism is positive and significant in India only. These results confer that a rise in tourism activities causes economic growth to rise in China and India, whereas a fall in tourism activities causes economic activities to fall in India only. Similarly, a long-run positive structural change improves the economic growth in Thailand, Malaysia, and India. However, surprisingly, a long-run negative structural change also enhances the economic development of Thailand and Japan. On the other side, a positive shock in the tourism industry causes CO2 emissions to fall in China, Japan, and Malaysia and rise in India. Likewise, a negative shock in tourist activities reduces in Japan and increases carbon emissions in Malaysia. Moreover, a positive structural change reduces CO2 emissions in China, Thailand, and Japan, while a negative structural change reduces CO2 emissions in China and India only.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Scientia Academia Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

    Muhammad Wasim Akram

  2. Department of Business Administration, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan

    Muhammad Wasim Akram

  3. Department of Network Security and Information Technology, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China

    Shuchun Yang

  4. Institute of Business Management Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Hafeez

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  1. Muhammad Wasim Akram
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  2. Shuchun Yang
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  3. Muhammad Hafeez
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Muhammad Wasim Akram and Muhammad Hafeez proposed an idea and modeled it. Shuchun Yang, Muhammad Wasim Akram, and Muhammad Hafeez have analyzed the data and wrote the complete draft, while Shuchun Yang and Muhammad Wasim Akram revised and edited the spelling, grammar, and language of the manuscript. Muhammad Hafeez and Shuchun Yang read and approved the final version.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Hafeez.

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Akram, M.W., Yang, S. & Hafeez, M. Observing the response of environmental and economic performances to tourism in light of structural changes. Air Qual Atmos Health 16, 1321–1332 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11869-023-01344-x

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