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Low Dietary c9t11-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Intake from Dairy Fat or Supplements Reduces Inflammation in Collagen-Induced Arthritis

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Lipids

Abstract

Dietary cis-9,trans-11 (c9t11) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) fed at 0.5 % w/w was previously shown to attenuate inflammation in the murine collagen-induced (CA) arthritis model, and growing evidence implicates c9t11-CLA as a major anti-inflammatory component of dairy fat. To understand c9t11-CLA’s contribution to dairy fat’s anti-inflammatory action, the minimum amount of dietary c9t11-CLA needed to reduce inflammation must be determined. This study had two objectives: (1) determine the minimum dietary anti-inflammatory c9t11-CLA intake level in the CA model, and (2) compare this to anti-inflammatory effects of dairy fat (non-enriched, naturally c9t11-CLA-enriched, or c9t11-CLA-supplemented). Mice received the following dietary fat treatments (w/w) post arthritis onset: corn oil (6 % CO), 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, and 0.5 % c9t11-CLA, control butter (6 % CB), c9t11-enriched butter (6 % EB), or c9t11-CLA-supplemented butter (6 % SB, containing 0.2 % c9t11-CLA). Paw arthritic severity and pad swelling were scored and measured, respectively, over an 84-day study period. All c9t11-CLA and butter diets decreased the arthritic score (25–51 %, P < 0.01) and paw swelling (8–11 %, P < 0.01). Throughout the study, plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) was elevated in CO-fed arthritic mice compared to non-arthritic (NA) mice but was reduced in 0.5 % c9t11-CLA- and EB-fed mice. Interleukin-1β and IL-6 were increased in arthritic CO-fed mice compared to NA mice but were reduced in 0.5 % c9t11-CLA- and EB-fed mice through day 42. In conclusion, 0.125 % c9t11-CLA reduced clinical arthritis as effectively as higher doses, and decreased arthritis in CB-fed mice suggested that the minimal anti-inflammatory levels of c9t11-CLA might be below 0.125 %.

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Abbreviations

CA:

Collagen-induced arthritis

CB:

Control butter

CLA:

Conjugated linoleic acid

CO:

Corn oil

c9t11:

cis-9,trans-11

EB:

Enriched butter

Ig:

Immunoglobulin

IL:

Interleukin

LNA:

Linoleic acid

NA:

Non-arthritic

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor-kappa B

SB:

Supplemented butter

t10c12:

trans-10,cis-12

tIIc:

Type II collagen

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

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Acknowledgments

The authors express their gratitude to Katherine Pankratz and Jeff Bishop for their assistance with sample and data collection. The authors thank George Bradley, Dawn Irish, Angel Guterriez-Velin, and Terry Jobsis for their assistance with animal husbandry. The authors also show appreciation to Dr. David K. Combs and Elizabeth French for their assistance with formulating dairy cattle diets. Additionally, the authors thank the staff at the Dairy Cattle Center for their care of the cattle and assistance with collecting milk samples. The authors finally thank Lipid Nutrition B.V. for the donation of fish oil for the preparation of dairy cattle diets. This research was partially supported by a US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Hatch Project Grant (142-PRJ16AU-4), patent royalties from the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF), and the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. This project was partially supported by USDA Hatch Project Grants (142-PRJ16AU-4) and (142-PRJ39KR-4), patent royalties from the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF), and the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Shane M. Huebner, James P. Campbell & Mark E. Cook

  2. Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Jake M. Olson & Mark E. Cook

  3. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Jeffrey W. Bishop & Mark E. Cook

  4. Department of Computing and Biometry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

    Peter M. Crump

Authors
  1. Shane M. Huebner
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  2. Jake M. Olson
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  3. James P. Campbell
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  4. Jeffrey W. Bishop
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  6. Mark E. Cook
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Correspondence to Mark E. Cook.

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S.M. Huebner, J.M. Olson, J.W. Bishop, J.P. Campbell, P.M. Crump, and M.E. Cook declare no conflicts of interest.

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Huebner, S.M., Olson, J.M., Campbell, J.P. et al. Low Dietary c9t11-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Intake from Dairy Fat or Supplements Reduces Inflammation in Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Lipids 51, 807–819 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-016-4163-8

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