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Beef Fat Enriched with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biohydrogenation Products Improves Insulin Sensitivity Without Altering Dyslipidemia in Insulin Resistant JCR:LA-cp Rats

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Lipids

Abstract

The main dietary sources of trans fatty acids are partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO), and products derived from polyunsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation (PUFA-BHP) in ruminants. Trans fatty acid intake has historically been associated with negative effects on health, generating an anti-trans fat campaign to reduce their consumption. The profiles and effects on health of PHVO and PUFA-BHP can, however, be quite different. Dairy products naturally enriched with vaccenic and rumenic acids have many purported health benefits, but the putative benefits of beef fat naturally enriched with PUFA-BHP have not been investigated. The objective of the present experiment was to determine the effects of beef peri-renal fat (PRF) with differing enrichments of PUFA-BHP on lipid and insulin metabolism in a rodent model of dyslipidemia and insulin resistance (JCR:LA-cp rat). The results showed that 6 weeks of diet supplementation with beef PRF naturally enriched due to flaxseed (FS-PRF) or sunflower-seed (SS-PRF) feeding to cattle significantly improved plasma fasting insulin levels and insulin sensitivity, postprandial insulin levels (only in the FS-PRF) without altering dyslipidemia. Moreover, FS-PRF but not SS-PRF attenuated adipose tissue accumulation. Therefore, enhancing levels of PUFA-BHP in beef PRF with FS feeding may be a useful approach to maximize the health-conferring value of beef-derived fats.

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Abbreviations

ALA:

α-Linolenic acid

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

AD:

Atypical dienes

BCFA:

Branched-chin fatty acids

BHP:

Biohydrogenation products

c :

cis

CLA:

Conjugated linoleic acids

CLNA:

Conjugated linolenic acids

DM:

Dry matter

FA:

Fatty acids

FAME:

Fatty acid methyl esters

GC:

Gas chromatography

FS:

Flaxseed

GH:

Grass hay

LNA:

Linoleic acid

n-3:

Omega-3

n-6:

Omega-6

PRF:

Peri-renal fat

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

RC:

Red clover silage

SCF:

Subcutaneous fat

SS:

Sunflower-seed

SFA:

Saturated fatty acids

t :

Trans

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Acknowledgments

Funding for this work was provided by Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency (ALMA) (to M.E.R.D) as well as an NSERC Discovery Grant (to S.D.P). Dr. C. Mapiye received an NSERC Fellowship funded through ALMA, and Dr. P. Vahmani received an NSERC Fellowship funded by the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Peer Review Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, Alberta Diabetes and Mazankowski Institutes, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada

    Abdoulaye Diane, Faye Borthwick, Donna F. Vine & Spencer D. Proctor

  2. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, 6000 C & E Trail, Lacombe, AB, T4L 1W1, Canada

    Payam Vahmani, Rolland C. David & Michael E. R. Dugan

  3. Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, P. Bag X1, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa

    Cletos Mapiye

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  1. Abdoulaye Diane
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Correspondence to Spencer D. Proctor.

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Diane, A., Borthwick, F., Mapiye, C. et al. Beef Fat Enriched with Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biohydrogenation Products Improves Insulin Sensitivity Without Altering Dyslipidemia in Insulin Resistant JCR:LA-cp Rats. Lipids 51, 821–831 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-016-4148-7

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