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Slag-Steel Emulsification on a Modified RH Degasser

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Abstract

A new arrangement of RH snorkels is proposed in order to improve the slag metal interaction. According to this RHDeS design, the steel jet flowing down from the vacuum chamber discharges inside the slag layer. Physical modeling of a reactor following this concept was performed. Mixing times, circulation rates, and the mass transfer coefficient were evaluated as well as the droplet residence time. Mixing times and overall circulation are not very much affected by the modifications. However, the modification brings about a large and sustainable dispersion of slag (oil) in metal (water). The influence of this dispersion on de-S was assessed. A lumped kinetic parameter \( KA /v_{\text{w}} \) was evaluated in order to quantify the process kinetics. Kinetics can be improved by one order of magnitude. It is suggested that proper slag (amount and basicity) allied to this geometric modification could be fruitful to sulfur removal from deoxidized steel. Simulations show that sulfur removal with this RHDeS arrangement is expected to be higher than with schemes where de-S reagents are added in the vacuum chamber.

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Abbreviations

D i :

Droplet diameter (m)

d 32 :

Average Sauter droplet diameter (mm)

d max :

Maximum droplet size (mm)

D S :

Sulfur diffusivity in steel (m2/s)

Fr, Frm:

Froude number, modified Froude number for the nozzle

N Va :

Flow number

We*:

Modified Weber number

g :

Acceleration of gravity (m/s2)

G :

Gas flow rate (STP L/min)

K :

Apparent mass transfer coefficient or constant of the first-order kinetic equation (m/s)

Q :

Circulation rate (kg/s)

[S]0 :

Steel initial sulfur concentration (ppm)

[S]eq :

steel sulfur concentration at equilibrium (ppm)

[S]:

Steel sulfur instantaneous concentration (ppm)

(S):

Slag sulfur concentration

R :

Degree of desulfurization

v :

Volume (m3, L)

V :

Velocity (m/s)

t m :

Average droplet residence time (s)

t :

Time (s)

\( \emptyset \) :

Nozzle diameter (m)

A :

Total interfacial area slag/steel, oil/water (m2)

a :

Friction area (m2)

M L :

Slag/steel mass rate (ton/ton)

e :

Distance from the down leg end to the interface slag/steel, oil/water (m)

L S :

Slag–metal sulfur partition coefficient

E :

Specific rate of input of kinetic energy (W/ton)

C :

Instantaneous water solution thymol concentration (ppm)

C 0 :

Initial water solution thymol concentration (ppm)

C eq :

Equilibrium water solution thymol concentration (ppm)

ρ :

Density (kg/m3)

η :

Dynamic viscosity (Pa·s)

λ :

Thermodynamic parameter (–)

τ mix :

Mixing time (s)

Ω:

Slag, oil thickness (m)

ε :

Average rate of dissipation of kinetic energy of turbulence (m2/s3)

σ :

Interfacial tension (N/m)

g:

Gaseous phase

l:

Liquid phase

o:

Oil

w:

Water

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the help provided by UFOP, IFMG, CNPq, CAPES, and FAPEMIG.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG, 35400-000, Brazil

    Antonio Marlon Barros Silva, Mateus Assis Oliveira, Johne Jesus Mol Peixoto & Carlos Antônio da Silva

  2. Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials, Federal Institute of Minas Gerais (IFMG), Pioneiros, Ouro Branco, MG, 36420-000, Brazil

    Antonio Marlon Barros Silva

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  1. Antonio Marlon Barros Silva
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Manuscript submitted November 6, 2020; accepted March 25, 2021.

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Silva, A.M.B., Oliveira, M.A., Peixoto, J.J.M. et al. Slag-Steel Emulsification on a Modified RH Degasser. Metall Mater Trans B 52, 2111–2126 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-021-02161-2

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