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Alternative Fabrication Routes toward Oxide-Dispersion-Strengthened Steels and Model Alloys

  • Symposium: New Steels for Applications under Extreme Conditions
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Abstract

The standard powder metallurgy (PM) route for the fabrication of oxide-dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steels involves gas atomization to produce a prealloyed powder, mechanical alloying (MA) with fine oxide powders, consolidation, and finally thermal/thermomechanical treatment (TMT). It is well established that ODS steels with superior property combinations, for example, creep and tensile strength, can be produced by this PM/MA route. However, the fabrication process is complex and expensive, and the fitness for scaling up to the industrial scale is limited. At the laboratory scale, production of small amounts of well-controlled model systems continues to be desirable for specific purposes, such as modeling-oriented experiments. Thus, from the laboratory to industrial application, there is growing interest in complementary or alternative fabrication routes for ODS steels and related model systems, which offer a different balance of cost, convenience, properties, and scalability. This article reviews the state of the art in ODS alloy fabrication and identifies promising new routes toward ODS steels. The PM/AM route for the fabrication of ODS steels is also described, as it is the current default process. Hybrid routes that comprise aspects of both the PM route and more radical liquid metal (LM) routes are suggested to be promising approaches for larger volumes and higher throughput of fabricated material. Although similar uniformity and refinement of the critical nanometer-sized oxide particles has not yet been demonstrated, ongoing innovations in the LM route are described, along with recent encouraging preliminary results for both extrinsic nano-oxide additions and intrinsic nano-oxide formation in variants of the LM route. Finally, physicochemical methods such as ion beam synthesis are shown to offer interesting perspectives for the fabrication of model systems. As well as literature sources, examples of progress in the authors’ groups are also highlighted.

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Acknowledgments

This work contributes to the Joint Programme on Nuclear Materials (JPNM) of the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA). The University of Oxford authors thank the UK Engineering and Physical Science and Research Council and the National Nuclear Laboratory for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, P.O. Box 510119, D-01314, Dresden, Germany

    Frank Bergner (Senior Scientist) & Isabell Hilger (Graduate Student at TU Dresden)

  2. Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, P.O. Box 510119, D-01314, Dresden, Germany

    Gunter Gerbeth (Head of the Institute of Fluid Dynamics)

  3. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FIN-02044, Espoo, Finland

    Jouko Virta (Senior Scientist)

  4. University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK

    Sarah Connolly (Research Student), Zuliang Hong (Research Student) & Patrick S. Grant (Professor, Head of the Department of Materials)

  5. Fraunhofer Institute IFAM, Branch Lab Powder Metallurgy and Composite Materials, Winterbergstraße 28, 01277, Dresden, Germany

    Thomas Weissgärber (Head of the Department of Sintered and Composite Materials)

  6. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1300, FIN-33101, Tampere, Finland

    Juha Lagerbom (Senior Scientist)

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  1. Frank Bergner
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  2. Isabell Hilger
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Correspondence to Frank Bergner.

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Manuscript submitted February 2, 2016

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Bergner, F., Hilger, I., Virta, J. et al. Alternative Fabrication Routes toward Oxide-Dispersion-Strengthened Steels and Model Alloys. Metall Mater Trans A 47, 5313–5324 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-016-3616-2

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